AP Literature Flashcards

2810471558	allegory	extending a metaphor so that objects, persons, and actions in a text are equated with meanings that lie outside the text	0
2810473774	alliteration	the repetition of an initial consonant sound	1
2810474402	allusion	a brief, usually indirect reference to a person, place, or event. real or fictional	2
2810475405	ambiguity	the presence of two or more possible meanings in any passage	3
2810475978	analogy	reasoning or arguing from parallel cases	4
2810477538	anaphora	the repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning or successive clauses or verses	5
2810478107	antecedent	the noun or noun phrase referred to by a pronoun	6
2810479539	antithesis	the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced prhases	7
2810480122	aphorism	1. a tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion 2. a brief statement of a principle	8
2810481570	apostrophe	a rhetorical term for breaking off discourse to address some absent person or thing	9
2810482424	appeal to authority	a speaker or writer seeks to persuade not by giving evidence but by appealing to the respect people have for a famous person or insitution	10
2810483939	appeal to ignorance	a fallacy that uses an opponent's inability to disprove a conclusion as proof of the conclusions correctness	11
2810486752	assonance	the identity or similarity in sound between internal vowels in neighboring words	12
2810487208	asyndeton	the omission of conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses	13
2810488222	chiasmus	verbal pattern in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first but with the parts reversed	14
2810491583	circular argument	an argument that commits the logical fallacy of assuming what it is attempting to prove	15
2810492840	claim	an arguable statement, which may be a claim of fact, value, or policy	16
2810493682	clause	a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate	17
2810494498	climax	mounting by degrees through words or sentences of increasing weight and in parallel construction with an emphasis on the high point or culmination of a series of events	18
2810495962	colloquial	characteristic of writing that seeks the effect of informal spoken language as distinct from formal or literary english	19
2810497830	concession	an argumentative strategy by which a speaker or writer acknowledges the validity of an opponent's point	20
2810498704	connotation	the emotional implications and associations that a word may carry	21
2810499486	deduction	a method of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the stated premises	22
2810500736	denotation	the direct or dictionary meaning of a word, in contrast to its figurative or associated meanings	23
2810502100	dialect	a regional or social variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, and/or vocabulary	24
2810503504	diction	1. the choice and use of words in speech or writing 2. a way of speaking, usually assessed in terms of prevailing standards of pronunciation and elocution	25
2810506693	didactic	intended or inclined to teach or instruct, often excessively	26
2810507637	epiphora (epistrophe)	the repetition of a word or phrase at the end of several clauses	27
2810509085	epitaph	1. a short inscription in prose or verse on a tombstone or monument 2. a statement or speech commemorating someone who has died	28
2810511279	ethos	a persuasive appeal based on the projected character of the speaker or narrator	29
2810512472	eulogy	a formal expression of praise for someone who has recently died	30
2810513080	euphemism	the substitution of an inoffensive term for one considered offensively explicit	31
2810513789	extended metaphor	a comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem	32
2810515210	fallacy	an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid	33
2810515856	false dilemma	a fallacy of oversimplification that offers a limited number of options when in fact more options are available	34
2810525290	flashback	a shift in a narrative to an earlier event that interrupts the normal chronological development of a story	35
2810526767	hasty generalization	a fallacy in which a conclusion is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased evidence	36
2810553787	hyperbole	a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect; an extravagant statement	37
2810555028	imagery	vivid descriptive language that appeals to one or more of the senses	38
2810555892	invective	denunciatory or abusive language; discourse that casts blame on somebody or something	39
2810557816	irony	the use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. a statement or situation where the meaning is directly contradicted by the appearance or presentation of the idea	40
2810559317	jargon	the specialized language of a professional, occupational, or other group, often meaningless to outsiders	41
2810559958	litotes	a figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite	42
2810561150	metaphor	a figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something important in common	43
2810561979	metonymy	a figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated (crown and royalty)	44
2810563028	mode of discourse	the way in which information is presented in a text. the for traditional modes are narration, description, exposition, and argument.	45
2810563533	mood	1. the quality of a verb that conveys the writer's attitude towards a subject 2. the emotion evoked by a text	46
2810564537	onomatopoeia	the formation or use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to	47
2810565198	oxymoron	a figure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side	48
2810566065	paradox	a statement that appears to contradict itself	49
2810567075	parallelism	the similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses	50
2810568243	parody	a literary or artistic work that imitates the characteristic style of an author or a work for comic effect or ridicule	51
2810568747	pathos	the means of persuasion that appeals to the audience's emotions	52
2810570008	personification	a figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities	53
2810572965	prose	ordinary writing as distinguished from verse	54
2810573372	refutatuon	the part of an argument where in a speaker or writer anticipates and counters opposing points of view	55
2810573643	repetition	an instanceof using a word, phrase, or clause more than once in a short passage- dwelling on a point	56
2810574742	rhetoric	the study and practice of effective communication	57
2810575304	rhetorical question	a question asked merely for effect with no answer expected	58
2810575901	sarcasm	a mocking, often ironic or satirical remark	59
2810576132	satire	a textor performance that uses irony,derision, or wit to expose or attack human vice, foolishness, or stupidity	60
2810576802	simile	a figure of speech in which two fundamentally unlike things are explicitly compared, usually in a phrase introduced by "like" or "as"	61
2810577943	style	narrowly interpreted as those figures that ornament speech or writing; broadly as representing a manifestation or the person speaking or writing	62
2810579414	syllogism	a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion	63
2810579947	symbol	a person, place, action, or thing that represents something other than itself	64
2810581145	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole or the whole for a part	65
2810581484	syntax	1. the arrangement of words in a sentence 2. the study of the rules that govern the way words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences	66
2810583106	thesis	the main idea of an essay or report, often written as a single declarative sentence	67
2810583908	tone	a writer's attitude toward the subject and audience. tone is primarily conveyed through diction, point of view, syntax, and level of formality	68
2810584487	transition	the connection between two parts of a piece of writing, contributing to coherence	69