AP Human Geography Vocabulary: Culture, Language, Religion Flashcards

8941422415	Cultural Appropriation	when non-cultural members privatize cultural knowledge for personal gain	0
8941422416	Material Culture	physical manifestation of human activities	1
8941422417	Nonmaterial Culture	ideas, knowledge, and beliefs that influence people's behavior	2
8941422418	Placelessness	loss of uniqueness of place; localities look like the next	3
8941422419	Survey Systems	systems used to collect data	4
8941422420	Acculturation	the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture	5
8941422421	Adaptation	new people adapt to the culture of the previously existing people	6
8941422422	Assimilation	when a group of people acquires characteristics of another group	7
8941422423	Cultural Convergence	the tendency for cultures to become more alike by improved transportation and communication	8
8941422424	Cultural Divergence	separation of cultures through less interaction	9
8941422425	Culture Complex	the group of traits that defines a particular culture; cultural traits are interrelated	10
8941422426	Cultural Realm	the entire region that displays the characteristics of a culture	11
8941422427	Culture Regions	a portion of earth occupied by a population sharing distinctive cultural characteristics	12
8941422428	Diffusion	the movement of ideas, notions, and innovations	13
8941422429	Expansion Diffusion	when a trend is spread outward from its heart (types: contagious, hierarchical, stimulus)	14
8941422430	Relocation Diffusion	spread of an idea through physical movement from one place to another	15
8941422431	Global-Local Continuum	what happens at the global scale directly affects what happens locally and vice-versa	16
8941422432	Innovation Adoption	study of how, why, and at what rate new technology spreads throughout a culture.	17
8941422433	Cultural Shatter-Belt	an area of instability between regions with opposing political and cultural values	18
8941422434	Ethnic Cleansing	systematic attempt to remove all people of a particular ethnicity from a country or region by either forced migration or genocide	19
8941422435	Ethnic Homeland	a sizable area inhabited by an ethnic majority that exhibits strong attachment to the region	20
8941422436	Ethnic Neighborhood	a (usually urban) neighborhood where a local culture can practice its customs	21
8941422437	Segregation	the enforced separation of different racial groups in a country or region	22
8941422438	Dowry Death	death of women by murder or suicide resulting from her husband or inlaw's efforts to increase dowry	23
8941422439	Enfranchisement	to admit to citizenship; right of voting	24
8941422440	Gender Gap	a measurable difference between the behaviors of men and women	25
8941422441	Infanticide	the murder of infants	26
8941422442	Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)	annual number of deaths of women from pregnancy related causes per 100,000 live births	27
8941422443	Creole	a language that began as a pidgin language but was later adopted as the mother tongue by a people / a language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated	28
8941422444	Dialect	local or regional characteristics of a language	29
8941422445	Isogloss	a geographical boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs	30
8941422446	Language Family	a group of languages descended from a single ancestral language	31
8941422447	Language Group	a set of languages with a relatively recent common origin and many similar characteristics	32
8941422448	Lingua Franca	a language used among speakers of different languages for trade and commerce	33
8941422449	Monolingual	able to speak only one language	34
8941422450	Bilingual	able to speak two languages	35
8941422451	Multilingual	able to speak several languages	36
8941422452	Official Language	a language a government designates for instruction, government, courts, etc.	37
8941422453	Pidgin	when two or more languages are combined in a simplified structure and vocabulary	38
8941422454	Protolanguage	an assumed, reconstructed, or recorded ancestral language	39
8941422455	Toponym	a place's name	40
8941422456	Animism	the belief that inanimate objects possess souls	41
8941422457	Ethnic Religion	a religion that is particular to one culturally distinct group of people	42
8941422458	Fundamentalism	the interpretation of every word in the sacred text as literal truth	43
8941422459	Geomancy (feng shui)	Chinese art and science of the placement and orientation of tombs, dwellings, buildings, and cities	44
8941422460	Interfaith Boundaries	boundaries between the world's major faiths	45
8941422461	Intrafaith Boundaries	boundaries within a single major faith	46
8941422462	Monotheism	belief in a single God	47
8941422463	Polytheism	belief in multiple gods	48
8941422464	Pilgrimage	religious journey to holy land	49
8941422465	Reincarnation	the idea that after this life you will come back as a plant, animal, or human	50
8941422466	Sacred Space	place or space people infuse with religious meaning	51
8941422467	Shamanism	community faith in traditional societies in which people follow their shaman (a person that can access the spirit world)	52
8941422468	Secularism	the emphasis on the here-and-now rather than on the spiritual and otherworldly; view that religion need not be the center of human affairs	53
8941422469	Sharia Law	the system of Islamic law based on varying degrees of interpretation of the Qu'ran	54
8941422470	Sunni	a Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of the Umayyads as the true rulers of Islam	55
8941422471	Shia	Muslims who thought that only Muhammad's descendants could become caliphs	56
8941422472	Syncretism	the development of a new form of culture trait by the fusion of two or more parental elements	57
8941422473	Theocracy	a state whose government is under the control of a "divinely guided" ruler or rulers	58
8941422474	Universalizing	a belief system that espouses the idea that there is one true religion that is universal in scope	59