AP World History Flashcards

5727494987	8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Mediterranean Europe Political	Ancient Greeks had a decentralized city-state structure Athens first to establish a democracy Imperial Rome has a centralized Empire Caesar Augustus starts Pax Romana	0
5727494988	8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Mediterranean Europe Social	Greek citizens dominate slaves Women status low in Athens, higher in Sparta Alexander the Great spreads culture throughout Hellenistic world Rome continues spread of Western culture Government and laws biggest lasting effects Roman citizens dominate slaves Patrician citizens more important than plebeian citizens	1
5727494989	8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Mediterranean Europe Economic	Greeks dominate trade in Mediterranean first Roman control Mediterranean next Silk roads used by Hellenistic Greece and Rome	2
5727494990	8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America Political	Olmec developed in southern Mexico Maya civilization that followed in Yucatan Peninsula Maya had a decentralized city-state structure	3
5727494991	8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America Social	Olmec carver huge stone heads Maya polytheistic religion encourages math and astronomy skill Ball games, sacrifice, and calendar follows	4
5727494992	8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America Economic	Olmec and Maya regionally trade jade and obsidian	5
5727494993	8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa Political	Bantu evolved in West Africa around modern day Nigeria	6
5727494994	8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa Social	Migrated east and south Spread language, culture, and agriculture throughout Sub-Saharan Africa Animism the predominate religion Judaism and Christianity in Ethiopia	7
5727494995	8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Middle East and North Africa Political	Sumerian city states develop in Fertile Crescent (Tigris & Euphrates) Hammurabi's code gives laws that apply to everyone Egypt creates a theocracy in the Nile River valley	8
5727494996	8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Middle East and North Africa Social	Sumerian and Egyptian culture polytheistic Egyptian belief in afterlife led to construction of Pyramids Judaism and Christianity develop in Palestine Christianity develops from Judaism - both monotheistic	9
5727494997	8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Middle East and North Africa Economic	Both cultures trade along their river valleys	10
5727494998	8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. East Asia Political	Yellow River Valley civilization first in China Zhou Dynasty starts Mandate of Heaven Qin Shihuangdi unifies China and builds Great Wall Han Dynasty Golden Age of Classical China Bureaucracy of Han best in the world	11
5727494999	8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. East Asia Social	Confucianism develops in chaotic times of late Zhou period Order is restored with responsibility and loyalty Daoism believes in harmony with nature	12
5727495000	8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. East Asia Economic	Silk and Porcelain production is a closely guarded state secret Silk Roads generate tremendous wealth for China	13
5727495001	8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. South Asia Political	Indus (Harappan) civilization develops in Pakistan Chandragupta Maurya founds Mauryan Empire around 320 B.C.E. Asoka leads the Mauryan to its height Chandra Gupta founds the Gupta Empire about 320 C.E.	14
5727495002	8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. South Asia Social	Caste system and Hinduism develop after fall of Indus Adherence to caste rules key to good karma Good karma key to better reincarnation and eventually moksha Buddhism develops from Hinduism in Nepal Siddhartha Gautama wants to end suffering by ending desire	15
5727495003	8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. South Asia Economic	Silk Roads allow India to trade with China and Mediterranean civilizations Spices, Gems, and Cotton make India an economic powerhouse	16
5727495004	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Western Europe Political	Fall of Rome leads to the Middle Ages Decentralized system of feudalism develops Church provides political stability in Europe	17
5727495005	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Western Europe Social	Strict social structure in Feudalism Life centered around Church and focused on afterlife Learning only found in monasteries Crusades launches to recapture the Holy Land fails Knowledge brought back from Middle East leads to Renaissance	18
5727495006	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Western Europe Economic	Cities disappear after collapse of Rome Manor system creates local economic activity only Contact with Arabs during Crusades restarts long distance trade	19
5727495007	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America Political	Maya decline during this time period Aztec develop a large empire in central Mexico Large military used for capturing people of surrounding area for sacrifice Inca control a multicultural empire in the Andes	20
5727495008	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America Social	Warlike gods of Aztec leads to mass sacrifice Inca road system improve communications Knotted roped called Quipu keep Inca records Inca religious city of Machu Picchu shows engineering ability	21
5727495009	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America Economic	Aztecs trade throughout Mexico Inca road system allows easy trading throughout the Andes	22
5727495010	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa Political	Swahili City States of East Africa decentralized Sudanic Empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai dominate West Africa Muslim traveler Ibn Battuta says Mali best governed place in the world Great Zimbabwe a powerhouse in the South	23
5727495011	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa Social	Islam spreads to East and West Africa Swahili city states convert because of trade with Arabia Sudanic states convert because of trade with North Africa Mansa Musa makes Timbuktu the cultural center of Mali	24
5727495012	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa Economic	Swahili trade gold, ivory, and slaves with Middle East Ghana, Mali and then Songhai control Gold Salt trade with North Africa	25
5727495013	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Middle East and North Africa Political	Islam unifies Middle East Arabs control Middle East under Abbasid Caliphate Turks control Middle East under Ottoman Empire	26
5727495014	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Middle East and North Africa Social	Muslim Golden Age leads to advances in science and architecture Baghdad and its library center, Cairo still important Muslims tolerate Christians and Jews	27
5727495015	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Middle East and North Africa Economic	Middle East dominates trade throughout the Indian Ocean controls trade between Europe and Asia Trade brings great wealth to Arab and Ottoman Empires	28
5727495016	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. South Asia Political	Muslim Turks conquer Northern India to establish Delhi Sultanate Timerlane burns Delhi to the ground	29
5727495017	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. South Asia Social	Hindu caste system still strong amongst majority Delhi Sultanate established Muslim minority rule Muslims look down on Hindu subjects	30
5727495018	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. South Asia Economic	India's vast trading goods make it one of the wealthiest regions Gold, gems, spices, cotton India center of Silk Roads and Ocean trade	31
5727495019	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Eastern Europe Political	Byzantine Empire replaces fallen Roman Empire in the East Uses diplomacy to stay relevant for another 1000 years Falls in 1453 to Ottoman Turks Muscovy influenced by Byzantine Empire Russia behind west after 200 year isolation from Mongol rule	32
5727495020	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Eastern Europe Social	Russia adopts Greek alphabet and religion from Byzantium Moscow claims title of third Rome after fall of Constantinople	33
5727495021	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Eastern Europe Economic	Byzantium a major trading power Decreases with growing strength of Arabs and Turks Russia trades more with west by the 1400s	34
5727495022	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. East Asia Political	Tang and Song Dynasties best run governments in world Civil service examination creates effective bureaucracy Ming Dynasty replaces Mongol rule of 1200s Heian Period of Japan stable and fairly centralized Decentralization leads to Feudal period of Japan Japanese emperor figure head while shoguns in charge	35
5727495023	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. East Asia Social	Scholar officials high status in Tang and Song Buddhism combines with Confucianism to create Neo-Confucianism Status of women low in China and Japan due to Neo-Confucianism Feudal Japan has rigid class system	36
5727495024	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. East Asia Economic	Tang and Song wealthy from trade with India and Middle East Pax Mongolia increases trade throughout Asia Zheng He shows wealth of China with voyages in Indian Ocean	37
5727495025	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Southeast Asia Political	Burma heavily influenced by India India influences state of Angkor in present day Thailand Vietnam heavily influenced by Tang China	38
5727495026	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Southeast Asia Social	Hindu culture shows in temples of Angkor Wat Buddhism spreads to Thailand and Indochina Islam spreads to Malay Peninsula and Indonesia	39
5727495027	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Southeast Asia Economic	Heavy trade between China and India & Middle East Much of this pasts through Southeast Asia by land of sea	40
5727495028	1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Western Europe Political	Feudalism weakens and leads to kings centralizing power Religious wars resulting from Reformation leads to absolutism Absolutism provides security at the cost of freedom Peace and Prosperity lead to people wanting more freedoms Enlightenment questions the unchecked power of absolute monarchs	41
5727495029	1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Western Europe Social	Corruption of Church leads to Reformation Church permanently weakened with Protestantism and secularism of Renaissance Scientific Revolution leads to many discoveries that improve life	42
5727495030	1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Western Europe Economic	Questioning spirit of Renaissance leads to Age of Exploration Age of Exploration leads to Commercial Revolution Commercial Revolution creates a new middle class of merchants/bankers Mercantilism and Capitalism and Capitalism rapidly increase wealth of Europe Portugal and Spain first, then England and France	43
5727495031	1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America Political	Arrival of Columbus leads to decline of Meso and Andean civilizations Cortes uses alliances, diseases, and guns to defeat Aztecs Pissaro exploits civil war and road system to defeat Inca Spanish rule Mexico from Mexico City and Peru from Lima Treaty of Tordesillas gives Portugal Brazil	44
5727495032	1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America Social	Columbian Exchange connects Americas to rest of world Potato and tobacco to Europe and Africa Grains, livestock, and diseases to Americas Small pox kills Indians - importation of slaves results Encomienda system creates rigid labor system Penninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Indians, and Slaves	45
5727495033	1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America Economic	Mining of silver and cultivation of sugar dominates Latin American economy Triangular Trade - Sugar to Europe, Guns to Africa, Slaves to Latin America Mercantilism depletes Americas of raw materials	46
5727495034	1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa Political	Moroccan army ends last Sudanic Empire of Songhai West Africa in constant war due to Triangular Trade Afonso of Kongo complacent in Portuguese slave trade at first Afonso (and other rulers) try unsuccessfully to stop it later Da Gama subdues the Swahili City States Dutch control the strategically important Cape town in South Africa	47
5727495035	1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa Social	Population decreases with 12 million Africans sold into slavery New World foods like potato bring population back up More women than men in west Africa due to slave trade	48
5727495036	1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa Economic	Triangular Trade at the center of African economy Raw materials begin to be exploited by Europeans	49
5727495037	1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Middle East and North Africa Political	Ottoman empire under Mehmet II conquers Constantinople Reaches apex under Suleiman and failed Siege of Vienna Loss of Asian trading monopoly and failure to reform and modernize Janissaries resistant to any political reform Battle of Lepanto (against Spain) ends Ottoman power in Mediterranean Ottomans significantly weaker than European nations by 1750	50
5727495038	1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Middle East and North Africa Social	Large conversions of Balkans to Islam Causes religious problems in 1990s (Bosnia and Kosovo)	51
5727495039	1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Middle East and North Africa Economic	Ottomans totally control Europe/Asia trade after fall of Constantinople Short lived as Europeans find sea routes 50 years later Spanish silver floods Ottoman Empire causing inflation Loss of middleman status economic catastrophe	52