AP world history Flashcards

2657495889	characteristics and political organization of the tigris-Euphrates civilization?	-city states competed for land and water - rarely united under single government -people believed land belonged to one or more gods -Sumerian city-states	0
2657509322	a "dynasty" in Chinese history is defined as?	family of rulers whose right to rule is hereditary	1
2657519143	the "son of heaven" concept was designed to promote?	-the remoteness of emperor from subjects -centralization of power in the state - loyalty to the emperor - explanation for decline of dynasties	2
2657557579	the Qin dynasty differed from the Zhou in what ways?	Qin dynasty was more centralized, first to introduce a new political system, adopted legalism as political doctrine, only had one ruler	3
2657576068	confucian beliefs?	NOT A RELIGION, philosophy, taught importance of family, respect for ones elders, reverence of ancestors	4
2657584526	the indian caste system served to an extent as a political institution by?	-enforcing rules about social behavior - dividing the people into specific class by status	5
2657594953	hinduism	- originating in indian subcontinent - world we see is an illusion -earliest known organized religion -influenced by info-european groups -emphasis on individual life	6
2657779839	"nirvana" meant	a state at which, enlightened as to the illusory nature of the self, transcends all suffering and attains peace; state of rest; harmony; stability or joy. full of union with the divine essence	7
2657839918	compared to china, indian social and economic structure	gave a stronger role to merchants, tended to discourage commerce, gave greater latitude to merchants	8
2657849287	compared to modern american ideas about democracy, athenian democracy was distinctive in?	urging that all citizens participate directly in lawmaking and policy making. Athens was direct democracy, U.S is representative democracy	9
2657866011	the socratic method emphasized the importance of	questioning, education was key to personal growth	10
2657870548	hellenistic society was known for its advances in	spread of greek lifestyle, science	11
2657873991	japan developed a religion called	shintoism	12
2657879714	the end of the gupta empire differed from the decline of rome	did not involve in the introduction of a new religion for the majority	13
2657885874	the arabic camel nomads were referred to as	bedouin	14
2658438285	what was the nature of the pre-islamic bedouin religion?	bedouin religion for most clans was a blend of animism and polytheism focusing on the worship of nature spirits	15
2658445852	why did the arab warriors not want to covert large numbers of people to islam?	they would have had to share their treasure and would have lost all tax revenues	16
2658450787	how did islam and hinduism differ?	muslims believe in one god, hindus believe in many. islam stressed the egalitarianism of all believers, while hinduism embraced a caste based social system	17
2658461377	the byzantine empire lasted during what time period?	330 to 1453 all dates CE (post classical)	18
2658467193	the capital of the byzantine empire and its commercial center was located at	Constantinople	19
2658471841	the emperor responsible for a surge in construction in Constantinople was	justinaian	20
2660002335	the emperor responsible for a surge in construction in Constantinople was?	Justinian	21
2658478733	the name normally given to the form of christianity that emerged in the byzantine empire was	orthodox christianity	22
2658485495	the post classical period in western history between the fall of the roman empire and the 15th century is referred to as the?	middle ages	23
2658497040	who were the scandinavian invaders who disrupted the development of durable political institutions in the medieval west until the 10th century?	vikings	24
2658504069	agricultural laborers under the jurisdiction of aristocratic landowners were called	serfs	25
2658506986	the members of the Japanese military elite who received land in return for military service in the bands of the greater lords were called?	vassals	26
2658523014	pope gregory vii decreed the practice of investiture invalid. what was the investiture?	the practice of the state appointment of all bishops	27
2658529406	the dynasty that ended the period of political chaos after the fall of the Qin-Han was the	sui	28
2658533190	mounted troops owing loyalty to the military elite were called? (japan and Europe)	samuri and knights	29
2658546084	what was the nature of warfare among bush?	battles hinged on man-to-man duels at great champions typical of the heroic stage of warfare, peasants carrying pikes, mounted samurai, masked assaults	30
2658560575	what was the impact of the rise of the samurai on the peasantry in japan?	peasants were reduced to status of serfs bound to land they worked	31
2658573980	the victory of the minamoto marks the beginning of what period in Japanese history?	feudal age	32
2658585928	what was the religious preference of the korean elite	buddhism	33
2658595886	in most ways, the mongols epitomized what type of society and culture?	nomadic	34
2658598728	what was the basic unit of mongol society?	tribes	35
2658605264	describe Chinggis Khans early life	known as the Temujin as a young child, father was poisoned, caught and imprissioned(forced to wear a wooden collar) regained power by defeating enemy clan	36
2658616577	The mongol military forces features	entirely cavalry	37
2658622583	what was the religious policy of the mongol empire under Chinggis Khan?	all religions were tolerated in his empire	38
2658632157	What was the political organization of russia at the time of the mongol invasion in the first half of the 13th century?	russia was divided into numerous petty kingdoms centered on trading cities?	39
2658643633	what was the nature of the russian resistance to the mongol invasion?	the princes of russia refused to cooperate among themselves and routed individually	40
2658655355	in 1271, Kubilai Khan changed the name of the Mongol dynasty in china to???	yaun	41
2658660106	What were the major changes in the admiration of China under the Mongols	the mongols discontinued the use of the examination system to keep scholar-gentry from gaining too much power	42
2658666905	what chinese dynasty succeeded the mongol yuan dynasty in china?	ming dynasty	43
2658669370	what was the innovation launched by the ming dynasty?	mounting huge state sponsored trading expeditions throughput asia and beyond	44
2658779911	what admiral commanded China's great overseas expeditions between 1405 and 1433?	general zhenghe	45
2658784164	in what region of europe did the renaissance begin?	italy and western europe	46
2658788308	in comparison to medieval culture, Renaissance culture had what features?	more concerned with things of the earthly world, individualism	47
2658792631	the practice of judging other peoples by the standards and practices of one's own culture of ethnic group is called?	Jingoism	48
2658798431	the initiative for western exploration and conquest came from where?	the kingdom of portugal	49
2658801237	what region in the americas was claimed by portugal	brazil	50
2658804622	what italian captain sailing for the monarchs of spain reached the americas in 1492?	Christopher Columbus	51
2658808423	what was the purpose of the early English voyages to north America?	to discover an arctic route to china	52
2658813162	what british commercial institution ruled india for much of the 18th century?	the british east india company	53
2658817885	what was the impact of the introduction of american crops into europe?	the introduction of corn and the potatoes led to major population growth in europe	54
2658823846	what economic policy encouraged the development of colonies, particularly by northern Europe counties?	mercantilism	55
2658830186	Johannes Gutenberg was responsible for	the invention of the movable type in the west (printing press)	56
2658833334	who is generally credited with the initiating the protestant reformation in 1517?	Martin Luther	57
2658836259	why did the common people support the lutheran reformation?	Lutheranism sanctioned money making and other earthly pursuits more wholeheartedly than did the catholicism. monasteries and christian bids against money making was abolished	58
2658848330	what was the church established by Henry VII in engalnd?	Anglican (church of england)	59
2658852042	the theological foundation of Jean Calvin's Protestantism was?	predestination (pre determination)	60
2658860436	inflation and commercialization in the west produced a rout of people without access to producing property called?	proletariat (lowest class, working class)	61
2658864604	the aftermath of the scientific revolution spilled over into a new intellectual movement in the 18th century called the?	enlightenment	62
2658867930	how did agriculture change in the late 17th century?	new technology and better stock breeding methods resulted in higher productivity	63
2658877359	what government did ivan the great claim to have succeeded as the "third Rome"?	russian	64
2658879651	what family was selected in 1613 to establish a new ruling dynasty in russia?	Romonav	65
2658882820	what was catherine the greats attitude toward the program of westernization?	catherine flirted vigorously with the ideas of the french enlightenment, but failed to take steps to abolish serfdom	66
2658892893	the first spanish colony in the new world was established where?	hisponiola	67
2658900323	the grants of indians to individual spaniards as a labor system were called?	encomiendas	68
2658902534	the man responsible for the conquest of the aztec empire in mexico was?	hernan cortes	69
2658904499	what was the african contribution to the "colombian exchange"?	slave trade	70
2658906327	what was the demographic impact of the slave trade on africa?	the slave trade had the impact of skewing the population of central africa in favor a disproportional number of women	71
2658911863	prior to the mongol invasions of their empire, the Abbasid dynasty was dominated by this group of people?	the seljuk turks	72
2658913304	the janissaries were?	sale troops of the ottoman forcibly conscripted as adolescents from conquered territories	73
2658919294	whose voyages of exploration opened the way for the europeans to the indies?	vasco de gama	74
2658922110	what raw materials were the most highly valued exports in the asian sea trading network for the europeans?	spices	75
2658923243	causes of the french revolution	govornment, financial problems, people wanted a demographic forum(take power away from elite, takes, freedom of speeh, efficient government and enlightenment)	76
2658929423	Louis Pasteur was responsible for the	french scientist who discovered the relationship between germ and the disease in the 19th century; leading to better sanitation	77
2658933286	how did the establishment of educational systems in africa differ from those in java and india?	they depended more on religious missionaries than state support for education	78
2658936920	in what century did most Latin american countries achieve their independence?	the 19th century	79
2658938078	"manifest destiny" referrd to?	to support the expansion of the united states, through the acquisition of texas, oregon and parts of mexico (coast to coast	80
2658943872	russian radicals who sought the abolition of all formal government were called?	anarchists	81
2658947948	what was the chief political method used by the anarchists to achieve reform?	winning peasant support and a host of upper-class radicals fanned out to teach the peasantry the beauty of political activism. failure led to violent methods (1st large terrorists movement in modern world)	82
2658954719	huge industrial combines put together in Japan by the 1890s were called?	zaibatsus	83
2658956051	adolph hitler was the political and ideological leader of what party?	national socialist party/ nazi party	84
2658960485	in order to avoid a two-front war, hitler signed a nonaggression pact with this country in 1939	soviet union	85
2658961192	a "technocrat" was	a new breed of bureaucrat typified by training in engineering or economics	86
2658964544	what distinguishes those regions referred to as the "third world" from other societies?	lack of industrialization	87
2658967573	why have the ethnic rivalries and communal violence been endemic in the decolonized african states?	Europeans hastily colonized africa and established boundaries without reference to ethnic groups or cultural homogeneity	88
2658971110	"neocolonialism" refers to	continued relegation of the third world to economic dependency after decolonization	89
2658976582	who headed the american occupation government of japan?	Douglas Macarthur	90
2658979934	Mao's 1958 program of pushing industrialization through small-scale projects integrated into the peasant communes was called?	great leap forward	91
2658981187	the term "perestroika" refers to	economic restructuring and more leeway for private ownership of goods and services	92
2658985146	what russian leader significantly altered political, diplomatic, and economic policies in the soviet union after 1985?	Mikhial Gorbachev	93
2658986705	The common currency of the european union is called the	euro	94
2658987782	the increased interconnectedness of all parts of the world is called	globalization	95
2658988908	NAFTA included the united states, canada and	mexico	96