AP World History Flashcards

4241532998	3500 BCE CIVILIZATION ARISES IN MESOPOTAMIA	Mesopotamia comes from the Greek words meaning "The Land between the Rivers." In the southern half of Mesopotamia, Sumerians had already inhabited the land in the 6th millennium BCE Semitic Migrants, City-States, and Kings	0
4241532999	3000 BCE HINDUISM BEING PRACTICED IN INDIA	Hinduism began to attract a widespread of popular interest as it transformed into a religion of Salvation Experienced changes in the doctrine and observances that resulted in a faith that addressed the interest of ordinary people	1
4241554874	483 BCE SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA DIES	Gave up his position and inheritance in order to seek salvation Born in about 563 BCE Gautama became dissatisfied with his comfortable life Became Buddha "The Enlightened One." Died in 483 BCE, his last words were "Decay is inherent in all component things! Work out your salvation with diligence!"	2
4241554875	0-40 CE LIFE OF JESUS	A charismatic Jewish teacher whom they recognized as their savior Involved in high tension between Roman overlords and Jewish subjects Claimed to have "the kingdom of God is at hand." Roman administrators percieved it wrong and executed him on the cross in the 30s CE	3
4241554876	500 CE END OF ROMAN EMPIRE/START FEUDAL WEST EUROPE	The Barrack emperors were a series of generals that seized thrones. The Germanic invasions and the fall of the Western region of the Roman empire caused Germanic peoples to flee to the eastern region of the Roman empire.	4
4241596848	632 DEATH OF MUHAMMAD	Muhammad's death gave Arab conquerors to spread the word of Islam. This led to the rapid expansion of Islam that contributed to the development of a massive trade and communication network for goods and ideas to spread freely through religious practices.	5
4241596849	750 FALL OF UMAYYAD DYNASTY AND RISE OF ABBASSID ISLAMIC EMPIRE	The Umayyad caliphs became alienated even from other Arabs They devoted themselves increasingly to luxurious living rather than the zealous leadership of the umma Abbasid differed since the state was far more cosmopolitan than its predecessor	6
4241596850	900 GHANA KINGS CONVERT TO ISLAM IN WEST AFRICA	By the tenth century, the kings of Ghana converted to Islam Their conversion led to improved relations with Muslim merchants from north Africa as well as Muslim nomads The Kings didnt force Islam among their societies rather they observed the traditional religious customs	7
4241596851	1095 FIRST CRUSADE : EUROPEANS GO TO WEST ASIA TO RE-CONQUER HOLY LANDS	French and Norman nobles organized a more respectable military expedition to the holy land The crusading armies began the long trek to Palestine, they captured Edessa, Antioch, and other strategic sites These crusades encouraged the Turks, Egyptians , and other Muslims to settle their differences	8
4241596852	1250-1350 MONGOL EMPIRE : 4 KHANNATES = RUSSIA, PERSIA, CENTRAL ASIA, CHINA	Khubilai extended Mongol rule to all of China, and attacked the Song dynasty in Southern China. Launched several invasions in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Burma Horde overran Russia and mounted exploratory expedition into Poland, Hungary, and eastern Germany Khubilai's brother, Hulegu, toppled the Abbasid empire and established the Mongol ilkhanate in Persia. Mongols controlled all of China, outlawed intermarriage, forbade the Chinese language, and even refused to assimilate to Chinese culture	9
4241596853	1300-1500 ITALIAN RENAISSANCE	Renaissance means "rebirth" Referred to a round of artistic and intellectual creativity that took place from the 14th to the 16th century that reflected the development of sophisticated urban society Art, architecture, humanist, moral thoughts, and the larger world became apart of the Renaissance	10
4241633151	1324 MALI KING (MANSA MUSA) MAKES PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA	Mansa Musa drew great inspiration from his pilgrimage to Mecca, he built mosques, sent promising students to study with Islamic scholars, and established religious schools and brought in Arabian and north African teachers to help.	11
4241633152	1405-1433 VOYAGES OF ADMIRAL ZHENG HE ON INDIAN OCEAN	The expeditions took place between 1405 - 1433, on the first three voyages he explored southeast Asia, India, and Ceylon. The 4th he went to the Persian Gulf, Arabia, and the African coast	12
4241633153	1453 FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE TO OTTOMAN TURKS	Mehmed the Conqueror captured the Byzantine capital of Constantinople. He made the city his own capital under the Turkish name of Istanbul. By 1480, they controlled all of Greece and the Balkan region.	13
4241633154	1492 SPAIN UNIFIES, COLUMBUS, START OF COLUMBIAN EXCHANGES, MOORS DRIVEN OUT	Native Americans had benefited from the New World since it introduced new forms of agriculture, weaponry, architectural ingenuity, and a new form of writing. This brought many new animals, foods, and plants to appear from the Old World and change and improve the New World.	14
4241633155	1506 KONGO KING CONVERTS TO CHRISTIANITY	The Kings of Kongo converted to Christianity as a way to establish closer commercial relations with Portuguese merchants and diplomatic relations with the Portuguese monarchy	15
4241633156	1519 ARRIVAL OF CONQUISTADORS IN MEXICO	During the 16th Century, Spanish conquistadores pressed beyond the Caribbean islands, moving west into Mexico and south into Panama and Peru	16
4241647236	1600 BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY TRADING IN INDIA	English and Dutch merchants formed two especially powerful joint-stock companies : the English East India Company and its counterpart the United East India Company. The companies were privately owned enterprises, concentrated strictly on profitable trade.	17
4241647237	1607 FOUNDING OF JAMESTOWN	In the 17th century, colonies began to become permanent on the North American mainland. English migrants founded Jamestown in 1607.	18
4241683226	1644 RISE OF QING DYNASTY IN CHINA	The Qing Empire reigned from 1644-1912 and became the last great empire to rule China. They showed that they proved to be a strong will and powerful dynasty but still fell to the invasions of outside lands and rebellions from locals.	19
4241957530	WATT PERFECTS THE STEAM ENGINE	The steam engine used the condensation of steam to generate power at a moderate speed. By using coal, it powered a piston that then powered a wheel which allowed for power to be generated. This allowed for much cheaper prices for technology that involved an engine.	20
4241957531	1776 AMERICAN REVOLUTION	The American Revolution was a war waged upon Britain by the American colonies. This caused conflicts that then influenced ideas and began revolutions from experience. The nation won its freedom after inflicting war upon one of the greatest military forces at the time.	21
4241957532	1807 SLAVE TRADE ABOLISHED IN BRITAIN (1808 = US / 1814 = FRANCE)	The U.S. Congress passes an act that stated "prohibits be importation of slaves into any port or place within the jurisdiction of the US from any foreign kingdom, place, or country. On the other hand, Britain refused to follow this so banned African slave trade in 1807 but slave trade still continued in Brazil and Cuba till the 1860s	22
4241957533	1833 SLAVERY ABOLISHED IN BRITAIN (1848 = FRANCE / 1865 = US)	Slavery abolishment began in the British Empire on August 1, 1834. Slaves below the age of 6 were set free, whilst those above then became known as apprentices. Apprentices would still work for their owners if they chose to but were not owned and treated as a lesser class.	23
4241957534	1843 TREATY OF NANJING ENDS THE OPIUM WARS BETWEEN BRITAIN AND CHINA	The Treaty of Nanjing was created in order to stop the mass amounts of Opium trade that occurred between China and foreign imperialist. China had become known to pay massive amounts to obtain this but this treaty allowed for a "fair and reasonable" tariff.	24
4241957535	1848 COMMUNIST MANIFESTO WRITTEN BY KARL MARX (EARLY YEARS OF GERMAN INDUSTRY)	The Communist Manifesto was a political pamphlet that influenced the history of all societies as it illustrated the class struggles.	25