AP World History Chapter 16 Flashcards

5881562971	Vasco da Gama	Portuguese mariner; first European to reach India by sea in 1498.	0
5881564070	Christopher Columbus	Italian navigator in the service of Aragon and Castile; sailed west to find a route to India and instead discovered the Americas in 1492.	1
5881566138	Ferdinand Magellan	Portuguese captain in Spanish service; began the first circumnavigation of the globe in 1519; died during voyage; allowed Spain to claim possession of the Philippines.	2
5881566801	East India Companies	British, French, and Dutch trading companies that obtained government monopolies of trade to India and Asia; acted independently in their regions.	3
5881567226	World economy	Created by Europeans during the late 16th century; based on control of the seas; established an international exchange of foods, diseases, and manufactured products.	4
5881570050	Columbian Exchange	Interaction between Europe and the Americas; millions of Native Americans died of new diseases; new world crops spread to other world regions; European and Asian animals came to the Americas.	5
5881571214	Lepanto	Naval battle between Spain and the Ottoman Empire resulting in Spanish victory in 1571; demonstrated European naval superiority over Muslims.	6
5881572959	Core nations	Nations, usually European, that profited from the world economy; controlled international banking and commercial services; exported manufactured goods and imported raw materials.	7
5881574006	Dependent economic zones	Regions within the world economy that produced raw materials; dependent on European markets and shipping; tendency to build systems based on forced and cheap labor.	8
5881575221	Vasco de Balboa	Began first Spanish settlement on Mesoamerican mainland in 1509.	9
5881576049	New France	French colonies in Canada and elsewhere; extended along the St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes and down into the Mississippi River valley system.	10
5881577752	Atlantic colonies	British colonies in North America along Atlantic coast from New England to Georgia.	11
5881578991	Treaty of Paris	Concluded in 1763 after the Seven Years War; Britain gained New France and ended France's importance in India.	12
5881579911	Cape Colony	Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 to provide a coastal station for Dutch ships traveling to and from the East Indies; settlers expanded and fought with Bantu and other Africans.	13
5881581460	Boers	Dutch and other European settlers in Cape Colony before 19th-century British occupation; later called Afrikaners.	14
5881581910	Calcutta	British East India Company headquarters in Bengal; captured in 1756 by Indians; later became administrative center for populous Bengal.	15
5881583704	Seven Years War	Fought in Europe, Africa, and Asia between 1756 and 1763; the first worldwide war.	16
5881584757	Cape of Good Hope	Southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India.	17
5881585493	Mercantilism	Economic theory that stressed governments' promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues; popular during 17th and 18th centuries in Europe.	18
5881587665	Mestizos	People of mixed European and Indian ancestry in Mesoamerica and South America; particularly prevalent in areas colonized by Spain; often part of forced labor system.	19
5881588641	Francisco Pizarro	Led conquest of Inca Empire beginning in 1535; by 1540, most of Inca possessions fell to Spanish.	20
5881589482	John Locke	(1632 - 1704) English philosopher who argued that people could learn everything through senses and reason and that power of government came from the people, not divine right of kings; offered possibility of revolution to overthrow tyrants.	21
5881590788	William Shakespeare	(1564 - 1616) English poet and playwright considered one of the greatest writers of the English language; works include Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and Hamlet.	22