Biochemistry Flashcards

3482491577	Atom	basic building block of matter	0
3482491578	Ion	an atom with an excess charge; Na+, Cl-	1
3482491579	Isotope	atoms that differ only by the number of neutrons; C13, C14 (radioactive-carbon dating)	2
3482491580	Compound	two or more different kinds of atoms or elements combined; H2O, CO2	3
3482491581	Carbohydrate	organic compound that contains hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio; ring shaped; made of sugars	4
3482491582	Monosaccharide	one sugar molecule; ex. glucose	5
3482491583	Disaccharide	two sugar molecules joined together; ex. maltose, lactose	6
3482491584	Amino acid	building blocks of proteins	7
3482491585	Dipeptide	formed by joining two amino acids	8
3482491586	Polypeptide	a chain of multiple amino acids joined together	9
3482491587	Protein	organic compound that contains C,H,O,N; made of amino acids	10
3482491588	Covalent bond	chemical bond formed by sharing electrons; ex. H2O, CO2	11
3482491589	Organic	any substance that contains the elements Carbon and Hydrogen	12
3482491590	Inorganic	any substance that does NOT contain Carbon and Hydrogen together, ex. H2O	13
3482491591	Acid	a compound that produces excess Hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; pH less than 7	14
3482491592	Base	a compound that produces excess hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; pH greater than 7	15
3482491593	Neutral	a molecule that contains no electrical charge or has equal H+ and OH- ions; pH 7	16
3482491594	pH scale	a unit of measure that determines the acidity of a solution	17
3482491595	Lipid	organic compound that contains C,H,O; made of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol	18
3482491596	Hydrolysis	breaking down large molecules by adding water	19
3482491597	Dehydration Synthesis	building large molecules by taking out water	20
3482491598	Catalyst	gets a chemical reaction started; ex. fire	21
3482491599	Enzyme	organic catalyst made out of protein; needed for all chemical reactions	22
3482491600	Product	created as a result of a chemical reaction	23
3482491601	Reactants (Raw Materials)	materials that are needed for or used in a chemical reaction	24
3482491602	Molecule	smallest amount of an element or compound capable of independent motion (ex. H2O, O2, H2)	25
3482491603	Chromatography	a technique used to separate molecules such as plant pigments based on their chemical properties	26
3482491604	Photosynthesis	capturing light energy to make food from CO2 and H2O; occurs in chloroplasts	27
3482491605	Cellular respiration	releasing the energy in chemical bonds to generate ATP; occurs in mitochondria	28
3482491606	ATP	source of energy used by all cells	29
3482491607	Glucose	simple sugar used in cellular respiration	30