Chapter 8 Nervous System Flashcards

4728485342	central nervous system	consisting of the brain and spinal cord	0
4728544288	peripheral nervous system	responsible for transmitting sensory and motor impulses back and forth between the CNS and the rest of the body	1
4728548870	neurology	study of the nervous system and its disroders	2
4728549937	neurologist	physician who specializes in treating the diseases and disorders of the nervous system	3
4728550381	neuron	nerve cell	4
4728550613	nerve	cordlike bundle of nerve fibers that transmit impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord to the other parts of the body	5
4728551269	afferent nerves	carry impulses from the body toward the central nervous system; also called sensory nerves	6
4728551664	efferent nerves	carry impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands causing the target organs to do something in response to the commands received	7
4728551999	somatic nervous system	provides voluntary control over skeletal muscle contractions	8
4728552193	autonomic nervous system	provides involuntary control over smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity and secretions in response to commands of the CNS	9
4728553397	sympathetic nerves	regulate essential involuntary body functions such as increasing heart rate, constructing blood vessels, and raising the blood pressure	10
4728555087	parasympathetic nerves	regulate essential involuntary body functions such as slowing the heart rate, increasing peristalsis of the intestines, increasing glandular secretions, and relaxing sphincters	11
4728555830	nucleus		12
4728556083	dendrites	receive nerve impulses	13
4728556551	axon	single slender projection that extends from the cell body that conducts impulses away from the neuron	14
4728556849	myelin sheath	protects the axon and speeds transmission of the impulses	15
4728558406	synapse	space between 2 nerves over which the impulse must cross	16
4728558777	motor nerves	efferent nerves	17
4728559702	sensory nerves	afferent nerves	18
4728560986	astrocytes	star-shaped neurons are only found in the CNS that wrap themselves around the blood/brain barrier forming a tight sheath	19
4728561619	cerebrospinal fluid	fluid that flows between the brain and spinal cord	20
4728561894	meninges	triple layer of protective connective tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord	21
4728562285	dura matter	outermost layer of meninges	22
4742575087	epidural space	space immediately outside the dura matter that contains a supporting cushion of fat and other connective tissues	23
4742577596	arachnoid membrane	middle layer of meninges	24
4742578496	subarachnoid space	immediately beneath the arachnoid membrane that contains cerebrospinal fluid	25
4742578924	pia matter	innermost layer of meninges which is tightly bound to the surface of the brain and spinal cord	26
4742581551	cerebrum	largest part and uppermost portion of the brain that controls consciousness, memory, sensations, emotions, and voluntary movements	27
4742583768	cerebellum	attached to the brain stem it has an essential role in maintaining muscle tone and coordinating normal movement and balance	28
4742584932	diencephalon	located between cerebrum and midbrain	29
4742585308	thalamus	receives sensory stimuli (other than smell)	30
4742795292	hypothalamus	responsible for activating, controlling, and integrating the peripheral autonomic nervous system, endocrine system processes and many sensory functions such as body temp, sleep and appetite	31
4742796539	pineal body	known as the pineal gland, it regulates the body's biological clock. It also produces melatonin	32
4742797811	medulla oblongata	lowest part of the brain stem that serves as a pathway for conduction of impulses between the brain and spinal cord. controls respiration, blood pressure and heart rate	33
4742799462	absence seizure	small seizure in which there is a sudden temporary loss of consciousness lasting only a few seconds	34
4742800165	agraphia	inability to convert one's thoughts into writing	35
4742800709	alexia	inability to understand written words	36
4742801005	analgesia	without sensitivity to pain	37
4742801321	anesthesia	without feeling or sensation	38
4742801754	aneurysm	localized dilation in the wall of an artery that expands with each pulsation of the artery	39
4742802333	aphasia	inability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs because of an injury to disease in certain areas of the brain	40
4742803620	apraxia	inability to perform coordinated movements or use objects properly	41
4742804098	aura	sensation an individual experiences prior to the onset of a migraine headache or an epileptic seizure	42
4742805358	blood-brain barrier	protective characteristic of the capillary walls of the brain that prevents the passage of harmful substances from the bloodstream into the brain tissue or CSF	43
4742807275	burr hole	a hold drilled into the skull using a form of a drill	44
4742807628	cauda equina	lower end of the spinal cord and the roots of the spinal nerves that occupy the spinal canal below the level of the first lumbar vertebra	45
4742808674	cell body	part of the cell that contains the nucleus and the cytoplasm	46
4742809539	cephalalgia	pain in the head; headache	47
4742809819	cerebral concussion	brief interruption of brain function, usually with a loss of consciousness lasting for a few seconds	48
4742810621	cerebral contusion	small scattered venous hemorrhages in the brain; a bruise of the brain	49
4742811059	coma	a deep sleep in which the individual cannot be aroused and does not respond to external stimuli	50
4742812098	craniotomy	a surgical incision into the cranium or skull	51
4742812107	deficit	any deficiency or variation of the normal	52
4742813087	dementia	a progressive irreversible mental disorder in which the person has deteriorating memory, judgment, and ability to think	53
4742813934	diplopia	double vision	54
4742814366	dyslexia	condition characterized by an impairment of the ability to read	55
4742814627	dysphagia	difficult speech	56
4742814925	embolism	abnormal condition in which a blood clot becomes lodged in a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood within the vessel	57
4742815647	epilepsy	neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of sudden brief attack of seizures	58
4742817056	gait	style of walking	59
4742817528	herpes zoster	acute infection caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox, characterized by painful vesicular lesions along the path of a spinal nerve; also called shingles	60
4742818745	lethargy	a state of being sluggish	61
4742819114	narcolepsy	uncontrolled, sudden attacks of sleep	62
4742821526	nerve block	injection of a local anesthetic along the course of a nerve or nerves to eliminate sensation to the area	63
4742831901	occlusion	blockage	64
4742842698	palliative	soothing	65
4742843277	paresthesia	sensation of numbness or tingling	66