Biochemistry Flashcards

5852001469	Hydrocarbon	Large variety of molecules consisting of carbon and hydrogen.	0
5852001470	Polymer	Large molecule consisting of many repeating units	1
5852001471	Monomer	Building block of much larger molecules	2
5852001472	Dehydration Synthesis Reaction	Reaction in which OH group bonds with H group to form water during the process of polymerization	3
5852001473	Monosaccharide	Glucose, Fructose, Galactose	4
5852001474	Carbohydrate	Organic molecule containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio	5
5852001475	Glucose	Monosaccharide used to fuel cell activities. Blood sugar.	6
5852001476	Dissaccharide	Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose.	7
5852001477	Maltose	Dissacccharide formed by glucose + glucose	8
5852001478	Polysaccharide	Polymer made of monosaccharides	9
5852001479	Starch	Polysaccharide formed by plants consisting of glucose monomers. Used for long term energy storage.	10
5852001480	Cellulose	Structural polysaccharide found in cell walls of plants.	11
5852001481	Glycogen	Polysaccharide stored in the liver and muscles of animals for long term energy storage. Consists of branched glucose monomers.	12
5852001482	Lipid	Diverse hydrophobic organic compound making up fats, waxes, steroids.	13
5852001483	Glycerol	Building block in lipids consisting of 3 carbon atoms bonded to OH groups.	14
5852001484	Fatty acids	Building block in lipids consisting of long single bonded or double bonded carbon chains.	15
5852001485	Triglyceride	Molecule consising of a glycerol and three fatty acid chains.	16
5852001486	Saturated fat	Triglyceride molecule consisting of single bonded carbon chains resulting in maximum hydrogen bonding.	17
5852001487	Unsaturated fat	Triglyceride molecule consisting of at least one double bonded carbon lessening the number of hydrogen bonds.	18
5852001488	Hydrogenated fat	Unsaturated fats that have had hydrogen atoms added to make more saturated	19
5852001489	Protein	Polymer consisting of amino acids	20
5852001490	enzyme	Protein responsible for facilitating chemical reactions	21
5852001491	amino acid	molecule consisting of amino group and carboxyl group. Monomer for proteins.	22
5852001492	Peptide Bond	Bond connecting amino acids. Formed by bond between carboxyl group and amino group.	23
5852001493	Primary Structure	Linear chain of amino acids.	24
5852001494	Secondary Structure	Amino acid chain that folds and coils upon itself.	25
5852001495	Tertiary Structure	The 3-D shape formed by folding polypeptide chain.	26
5852001496	Quaternary Structure	Two or more tertiary polypeptide structures functioning as one.	27
5852001497	Nucleotide	Monomer of nucleic acid consisting of sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base	28
5852001498	hydroxyl functional group		29
5852001499	carbonyl functional group		30
5852001500	carboxyl functional group		31
5852001501	amine functional group		32
5852001502	phosphate functional group		33
5852001503	glucose (mono) structural formula		34
5852001504	maltose (disaccharide) structural formula		35
5852001505	amino acid structural formula		36
5852001506	nucleotide		37
5852001507	polypeptide (protein)	demonstrates dehydration synthesis to form polymer	38
5852001508	nucleic acid		39
5852001509	saturated fat		40
5852001510	unsaturated fat		41
5852001511	glycogen		42
5852001512	cellulose		43
5852001513	phospholipid structure		44
5852001514	hydrolysis	A chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water; functions in dis-assembly of polymers to monomers.	45
5852001515	polypeptide	A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.	46
5852001516	phospholipid	A lipid made up of a glyerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group; has two hydrophobic tails and a polar hydrophilic head. Found in cell membranes	47
5852001517	wax	A type of lipid that is even more hydrophobic than fat.	48