APES Flashcards

7261257630	Law of conservation of matter	when a physical or chemical change occurs, no atoms are created or destroyed	0
7261257931	kinetic energy	energy of movement	1
7261258132	potential energy	stored energy	2
7261258324	first law of thermodynamics	when energy is converted from one form to another, no energy is created or destroyed	3
7261258737	second law of thermodynamics	when energy changes from one form to another, it always becomes lower quality	4
7261259839	positive feedback loop	causes a system to change further in the same direction	5
7261260230	negative feedback loop	cause a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving	6
7261260865	tipping points	the critical point in an evolving situation that leads to irreversible effects, where a negative feedback loop becomes a positive one	7
7261262422	entropy	a way of measuring the amount of chaos in a system	8
7261262856	elements	fundamental substances with unique properties	9
7261263192	isotope	same # of protons, different mass #s	10
7261263366	ion	different # of electrons, same # of protons	11
7261264363	10	each step of the pH scale is ___ times	12
7261265840	organic	needs at least 2 carbons, and at least one other element	13
7261266258	methane	an organic matter, an exception	14
7261266949	hydrocarbons	have only hydrogen and carbon, like methane or octane	15
7261267811	chlorinated hydrocarbons	compounds of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, usually toxic	16
7261271205	simple carbohydrates	compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms	17
7261272582	C₆H₁₂O₆	glucose formula	18
7261274516	high vs low quality matter	how useful matter is to humans as a resource, based on its availability and concentration	19
7261274819	environment	the place you live, everything around us, everything that is affecting you whether you know it or not	20
7261276233	open access	where there is no ownership and resources available for use by anyone	21
7261278357	natural capital	aspects of nature that support life, natural resources and natural services	22
7261278597	natural resources	matter and energy in nature valuable to humans (stone, lumber, etc)	23
7261279187	natural services	functions of nature which support life and human economies (pollination, decomposition, photosynthesis, etc)	24
7261280179	solar capital	energy from the sun	25
7261280349	GDP (gross domestic product)	the annual market value of all goods and services produced by everyone and every company in a country	26
7261282263	Per Capita GDP	GDP divided by the total population at midyear	27
7261283223	PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)	the exchange rate	28
7261283527	Per Capita GDP PPP	a measure of the amount of goods and services that a country's average citizen could buy in the US	29
7261285962	developed countries	countries that have a high degree of industrialization and a high per capita GDP PPP	30
7261288668	least developed countries	where per capita GDP PPP is declining	31
7261289493	natural income	the renewable resources provided by natural capital	32
7261290807	perpetual resource	renewed continuously, like solar caputal	33
7261291693	sustainable yield	the highest rate a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its available supply	34
7261294761	pint sources	single, identifiable sources	35
7261294922	nonpoint sources	dispersed and hard to identify	36
7261296748	planetary management worldview	the view that humans are separate from nature, and nature exists to meet our needs	37
7261297713	stewardship worldview	the view that we can and should manage the earth to our benefit, but we still have an ethical responsibility to care for our planet	38
7261301038	environmental wisdom worldview	the view that humans are a part of nature, and we should try to act with a land ethic	39
7261303425	social capital	getting people with different views to talk to and understand each other	40
7261307215	inductive reasoning	using specific observations and measurements to arrive at a general conclusion or hypothesis	41
7261307828	deductive reasoning	using logic to arrive at a specific conclusion based on a generalization	42
7261308133	paradigm shift	occurs when the majority of scientists in a field accept a new paradigm, a framework for theories and laws in a particular field	43
7261310150	reliable science	consists of data, hypotheses, theories, and laws	44
7261311413	tentative science	has not been widely tested and accepted by peer review	45
7261312034	unreliable science	have been discarded as the result of a peer review	46
7261314121	radioisotopes	unstable isotopes	47
7261314319	heat	the total kinetic energy of all moving atoms, ions, or molecules within a given substance	48
7261314707	radiation	the emission of electromagnetic energy	49
7261315248	conduction	the transfer of kinetic energy between substances in contact with one another	50
7261315869	electro magnetic radiation	where energy travels in the form of a wave because of changes in electric and magnetic fields	51
7261319348	energy efficiency	a measure of how much useful work is accomplished by a particular input of energy into a system	52
7270189476	null hypothesis	a hypothesis that there is 'no effect' or 'no difference' any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental error	53