AP World History Chapter 26 Flashcards

Chapter 26

4078904024	Where was the largest railway network?	United States	0
4078904025	What was the shipping line?	A company for ships that offered fast, punctual, and reliable service on a fixed schedule	1
4078904026	What are submarine telegraphic cables?	Insulated copper cables laid along the bottom of a sea or ocean for telegraphic communication	2
4078904027	Who discovered that air forced through molten pig iron by powerful pumps turned iron into steel without additional fuel, and who improved this method?	William Kelly; Henry Bessemer	3
4078904028	Who created the first synthetic dye, aniline purple?	William Perkin	4
4078904029	By the end of the 19th century, who was the leading producer of dyes, drugs, synthetic fertilizers, ammonia, and nitrates?	Germany	5
4078904030	In 1831, who showed that the motion of a copper wire through a magnetic field induced an electric current in the wire?	Michael Faraday	6
4078904031	Which economies were prey to sudden swings in the business cycle?	Capitalist	7
4078904032	What was the one of the main causes of growing interdependence of the global economy?	Financial power of Great Britain	8
4078904033	In the late 1870s and early 1880s, how did the United States, Germany, and other late-industrializing Western nations protect their industries from British competition?	Raised tariffs	9
4078904034	To what did the Irish famine, persecution of Jews in Russia, poverty and population growth in Italy, Spain, Poland, and Scandinavia, and cultural ties between Great Britain and English-Speaking countries overseas contribute?	Mass migrations	10
4078904035	How did Asians migrate in large numbers during this period?	They came often as indentured laborers	11
4078904036	In 1851, who became the first nation with a majority of its population living in towns and cities?	Britain	12
4078904037	What was the most important technological change within urban life?	Installation of pipes to bring in clean water and carry away sewage	13
4078904038	What did lower population densities and better transportation do to cities?	Divided them into industrial, commercial, and residential zones occupied by different social classes	14
4078904039	How did the new middle class exhibit its wealth?	Fine houses with servants and elegant entertainment	15
4078904040	How did air quality worsen in urban environments, and what helped alleviate some of these problems?	Burning coal, horse waste; Electricity, power plants built at distance from city	16
4078904041	To whom did Victorian morality best fit?	Upper- and middle-class European families	17
4078904042	What was the most important duty of middle-class women?	Raising children	18
4078904043	What was the first profession open to women?	Teaching	19
4078904044	In what two work areas did women form a majority?	Textile industries and domestic service	20
4078904045	What was socialism?	Ideology developed by radical thinkers who questioned the sanctity of private property and argued in support of industrial workers against their employers	21
4078904046	What are known as organizations formed by industrial workers to defend their interests in negotiations with employers?	Labor unions	22
4078904047	What did socialism begin as, and who is the best-known socialist?	An intellectual movement; Karl Marx	23
4078904048	What served to persuade workers to become part of the existing political system instead of seeking to overthrow it?	Electoral politics	24
4078904049	In pursuit of electoral success, what did the Social Democratic Party of Germany become?	More reformist and less radical	25
4078904050	What was usually the crucial element in creating a feeling of national unity?	Language	26
4078904051	What is a political ideology that emphasizes the civil rights of citizens, representative government, and the protection of private property?	Liberalism	27
4078904052	Who was the most famous nationalist of the early 19th century?	Giuseppe Mazzinni	28
4078904053	How did a new generation of conservative political leaders learn to preserve the social status quo?	Public education, universal military service, colonial conquests	29
4078904054	Who saw the rivalry between France and Austria as an opportunity to unify Italy?	Count Camillo Benso di Cavour	30
4078904055	Which Italian nationalist and revolutionary conquered Sicily and Naples and added them to a unified Italy in 1860?	Giuseppe Garibaldi	31
4078904056	What two advantages did the Prussian state possess?	Newly developed industries of the Rhineland, and the first European army to make use of railroads, telegraphs, other products of modern industry	32
4078904057	Who was determined to use Prussian industry and German nationalism to make his state the dominant power in Germany?	Otto von Bismarck	33
4078904058	In 1866, when Prussia attacked and defeated Austria, what did they do instead of taking territory?	Formed the North German Confederation	34
4078904059	What two things made politicians of all parties appeal to public opinion?	Nationalism and parliamentary elections	35
4078904060	Why did international relations revolve around a united Germany?	Germany was located in the center of Europe and had the most powerful army on the European continent	36
4078904061	How did Wilhelm II try to gain respect?	Bullying tactics	37
4078904062	What were two major weaknesses of the French republic?	Scarcely growing population, slow growth of French industry	38
4078904063	Who was Captain Alfred Dreyfus?	Jewish officer falsely convicted of spying for the Germans in 1894	39
4078904064	What were major problems the British faced as time went on?	Irish resentment of English rule, their economy, preoccupation with their growing empire	40
4078904065	What did the forces of nationalism do to Russia and Austria-Hungary?	Weakened	41
4078904066	Where was nationalism most divisive?	South-central Europe	42
4078904067	What contributed to the instability of imperial Russia?	Ethnic diversity	43
4078904068	In 1861, what did the moderate conservative Tsar Alexander II do?	Emancipated peasants from serfdom	44
4078904069	Who continued to dominate the Russian court and administration and succeeded in blocking most reforms?	Wealthy landowning aristocrats	45
4078904070	How did Japan and China react to the influence of Western powers?	China resisted and became weaker, while Japan transformed itself into a major industrial and military power	46
4078904071	How did the French and British take advantage of China's weakness?	Demanding treaty ports where they could trade at will	47
4078904072	In 1853, who arrived off the coast of Japan with a fleet of steam-powered warships demanding that Japan open its ports to trade?	American Commodore Matthew C. Perry	48
4078904073	In 1868, who overthrew the Tokugawa Shogunate and declared the young emperor Mutsuhito "restored"?	Provincial rebels	49
4078904074	What did the Meiji oligarchs encourage?	Their country's transformation into "a rich country with a strong army" with world-class industries	50
4078904075	Which government structure did the Meiji leaders try to copy?	Imperial Germany	51
4078904076	Who founded the Toyoda Loom Works in 1906?	Toyoda Sakichi	52
4078904077	What did Yamagata Aritoma believe?	Japan must sustain a vigorous program of military industrialization to protect the "sphere of influence"	53
4078904078	What is known as a series of anti-foreign riots encouraged by Chinese officials around the Empress Dowager Cixi?	Boxer Uprising	54