AP World History Chapter 13 Flashcards

8895291641	Cortés	Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs in Mexico.	0
8895291642	Doña Marina	Aztec woman who became an interpreter for Hernán Cortés during his conquest of the Aztec empire.	1
8895293067	the Great Dying	the devastating demographic collapse of Native American societies (near extinction).	2
8895294131	Little Ice Age (General Crisis)	a period of unusually cool temperatures that spanned much of the early modern period and was especially prominent in the northern hemisphere	3
8895294132	Columbian exchange	the enormous network of communication, migration, trade, disease, and the transfer of plants+animals from the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa	4
8895294133	peninsulares	people who were born in Spain, but living in the New World (the Americas). Highest class.	5
8895296064	mestizo	someone of mixed Native American and European descent	6
8895296065	mulattoes	a person of mixed African and European ancestry	7
8895296066	plantation complex	agricultural system based on African slavery that was used in Brazil, the Caribbean, and the southern colonies of North America.	8
8895296067	settler colonies	colonies in which the colonizing people settled in large numbers, rather than simply spending relatively small numbers to exploit the region	9
8895297637	Siberia	the remote, cold, and heavily forested eastern Russia	10
8895297638	yasak	tribute that Russian authorities demanded from the natives of Siberia	11
8895297639	Qing dynasty empire	Chinese empire whose rulers were originally from Manchuria. Brought Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet under Chinese control.	12
8895298721	Akbar	Mughal India's most famous emperor. Tried to accommodate the Hindu majority into the Mughal Empire by imposing a policy of toleration	13
8895298722	Aurangzeb	emperor who reversed Akbar's policy of accommodation and sought to impose Islamic supremacy	14
8895299240	Constantinople	a large and wealthy city that was the capital of the Byzantine empire	15
8895299241	devshirme	annual practice by which the Ottoman Empire sent military to abduct boys (sons of their Christian subjects) who were then converted to Islam, and trained for either civil administration or military service in elite Janissary units (Janissaries are the elite infantry unit)	16