AP World History Period 1 Flashcards

From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER

9656539922	hunting and gathering	Means of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization	0
9656539923	civilization	Societies with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups	1
9656539924	neolithic	The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished	2
9656539925	nomadic societies	livestock hearding societies that do not have a permanent settlement. normally found on the fringes of civilized (urban) societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies	3
9656539926	culture	Combination of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction	4
9656539927	agrarian revolution	Occurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture	5
9656539928	pastoralism	A nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies	6
9656539929	Catal Huyuk	Early urban culture/civiization based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification	7
9656539930	Bronze Age	From 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing	8
9656539931	Mesopotamia	Literally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys	9
9656539932	potter's wheel	A technological advance in pottery making; invented circa 6000 B.C.E.; encouraged faster and higher-quality ceramic pottery products	10
9656539933	Sumerians	People who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states	11
9656539934	cuneiform	A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets	12
9656539935	city-state	A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king	13
9656539936	ziggurat	a massive tower building usually associated with Mesopotamian temple connections	14
9656539937	Babylonian Empire	Unified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E.	15
9656539938	Hammurabi	The most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law	16
9656539939	Pharaoh	The term used to denote the kings of ancient Egypt; the term, "great house" refers to the palace of the pharaohs	17
9656539940	pyramids	Monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs	18
9656539941	hieroglyphs	Form of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform	19
9656539942	Kush	African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile circa 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries	20
9656539943	monotheism	The exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization	21
9656539944	Phoenicians	Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean	22
9656539945	Harappa and Mohenjo Daro	Major urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern	23
9656539946	Aryans	Indo-European nomadic, warlike, pastorialists who replaced Harappan civilization	24
9656539947	Huanghe (Yellow) River Basin	Site of the development of sedentary agriculture in China	25
9656539948	Shang	1st Chinese dynasty (after the legendary Xia)	26
9656539949	Oracles	Shamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpreting animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing	27
9656539950	ideographic writing	Pictograph characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing	28
9656539951	Big Geography	A term that draws attention to the global nature of world history.	29
9656539952	Paleolithic	The period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.	30
9656539953	Human migration during Paleolithic era	movement of humans from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas	31
9656539954	eglitarian	equality among people (no social levels)	32
9656539955	tools	Humans developed a wider range of ____ specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra	33
9656539956	Neolithic Revolution	period of change from hunter-gatherer lifesyle to agricultural lifestyles associated with domestication, farming, and settlement	34
9656539957	patriarchy	father based/male dominated society	35
9656539958	climatic change	Permanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean, possibly as a response to what?	36
9656539959	weapons	Pastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of of ____ and forms of transportation that transformed warfare in agrarian civilizations	37
9656539960	horses	name one mode of new transportation by the pastoralists	38
9656539961	art	Elites, both political and religious, promoted ____.	39
9656539962	record-keeping systems	___ arose independently in all early civilization sand subsequently were diffused	40
9656539963	Nile River	This river flooded regularly.	41
9656539964	Tigris River	This river's floods were unpredictable.	42
9656539965	Mesopotamian	Unpredictable weather patterns affected the development of the _____ civilization.	43
9656539966	Egyptian	_______art demonstrated little change for nearly 1000 years.	44
9656539967	Nubia and Kush	Kingdoms upriver from Egypt.	45
9656539970	Standard of Ur		46
9656539971	Harappan King or Priest Figure		47
9656539968	Jericho	One of the earliest cities: located in modern Israel.	48
9656539969	Catal-Hyouk	One of the earliest cities: located in modern Turkey.	49