AP World History Chapter 8 Flashcards

5138580229	china extended its borders deep into where?	central asia	0
5138582464	what were the northern nomads considered to the chinese?	barbarians	1
5138596251	nomads posed a military threat and sometimes conquered/ruled parts of china true or false	true	2
5138606780	how many centuries of political fragmentation happened after the collapse of the Han Dynasty (220 CE)	three	3
5138616220	what type of families rose after the collapse of the han dynasty	aristocratic families	4
5138621696	were the aristocratic fams that rose after collapse of han dynasty locally or not locally entrenched	locally	5
5138627621	what did the nomads that invaded china after the fall of han dynasty often do?	became "Chinese" by marrying chinese women, getting chinese names, learning chinese etc	6
5138637517	how did the fall of han dynasty affect china's religion?	disunity discredited confucianism which helped spread buddhism and daoism	7
5138643330	where did the migration of chinese people go	south to yangzi river	8
5138646900	what happened when chinese people migrated to yangzi river?	deforestation and retreat of elephants	9
5138654349	what three dynasties followed fall of han dynasty	sui tang song	10
5138660778	what solidified the spreading unity during sui empire	canals linked north and south china	11
5138665106	how were the leaders in sui empire	ruthless	12
5138667273	what prompted the overthrow of sui dynasty	futile military to conquer korea which exhausted resources and ruthless leaders	13
5138678056	what dynasty was built on sui foundations and quickly took over	tang	14
5138685117	what dynasty set patterns of chinese life that endures today	tang	15
5138690139	during what dynasties did the golden age of art and literature occur	tang and song	16
5138694375	what dynasty gave rise to neo-confucianism	song	17
5138698168	what was neo-confucianism	confucianism with buddhism and daoism	18
5138703952	what were the six major ministries in tang and song dynasties	personnel, finance, rites, army, justice, public works	19
5138708142	what was the censorate ( tang and song)	government surveillance that check character of public officials	20
5138713377	how was bureaucracy staffed (tang and song)	exams	21
5138718397	what majority of people held official jobs (tang and song)	sons of privledged even if they didnt pass test	22
5138725488	what was made to help people study for the exams to be officials (tang and song)	colleges	23
5138746083	what happened when people tried to redistribute land to peasants?	Aristocrats said nah	24
5138750644	in what dynasty was the economic revolution	song	25
5138752816	what happened to the pop during song	rapid growth	26
5138757550	what achievements in agricultural production happened in song	fast, nondrought rice from vietnam	27
5138762500	what was the song dynasty capital city	hangzhou	28
5138765335	how did hangzhou supply food	thru waterway systems provided cheap trans bound country together	29
5138773448	what industry increased output in song	iron	30
5138777843	what fueled iron increased output	coal	31
5138780676	what did coal provide besides increasing coal output	heating, cooking, pollution	32
5138786695	why did the industrial revolution slow down	nomads	33
5138789730	what technological advancements happened in song	printed books, nav systems, ships, gunpowder	34
5138796568	how did growing use of paper money contribute to china commercializations	taxes paid in money let farmers sell extra food	35
5138820652	what dynasty did women have more freedom in	tang	36
5138820653	what dynasty did women have less freedom	song	37
5138826481	what influenced tang to let women have more freedom	steppe nomads	38
5138829864	what made song dynasty women have less freedom	confucianism from Han dynasty	39
5138835863	how was masculinity changed	instead of strong stuff calligraphy, scholarship, painting and poetry was more masculine	40
5138841462	what were feminine qualities in song	weak, delicate, distraction to man's pursuit of introspective life, remarriage of widows shameful, foot binding	41
5138849467	describe foot binding	enhance marriage prospects, distinguish chinese women from barbarians, elite from commoners, rite of passage, small kink	42
5138861110	how did women lose economic status in song	factories run by men, took over women jobs of textiles and silk making	43
5138868532	what jobs besides silk making did women have in song	restaurant owners, food sellers, maids, cooks, dressmakers, concubines, whores, entertainers	44
5138879423	what did the increase of concubines create in song	household drama	45
5138884087	what women rights expanded in song	property rights	46
5138887089	why were women urged to get education song	to better raise sons to provide for fam	47
5138891670	how did the nomads and china need each other	china needed horses for military nomads needed agricultural products and luxury goods	48
5138901454	nomads lived in tribes and sometimes larger states true or false	true	49
5138903763	why did nomads need agricultural products from china	kept moving so no time to farm, land where they lived unable to produce crops	50
5138913334	what did the nomads focus on raising instead of crops	livestock and horses	51
5138915940	who controlled much of silk road	nomads	52
5138918339	china thought of as ______ kingdom	middle	53
5138920123	how did chinese people view nomads and why	barbarians cuz they thought they were center of world and superior	54
5138926995	how did nomads view china and why	invaders cuz often send army to nomad land, great wall of china build, china made trading hard	55
5138932649	what did china represent	civilization	56
5138937013	why did some people think they didnt need the nomads	they just wanted chinas wealth and wisdom	57
5138940832	what is the tribute system	foreigners acknowledge china superiority. to trade with china they preform kowtow and give tribute	58
5138947153	what is kowtow	ritual bowing and lying on the ground	59
5138952403	with who did china use tribute system with	northern nomads, korea, vietnam, tibet, japan	60
5138959452	were foreigners willing to cooperate with the tribute system	yes	61
5138961811	what type of nomads was china often faced with	nomadic empires able to compete with china	62
5138968697	who were the xiongnu during what time	nomadic empire in han dynasty	63
5138970660	what did xiongnu do to china and make them do	devastating raids made china negotiate with them to stop raids	64
5138978719	what must china do to stop xiongnu from destroying everything	consider nomads equals, give "gifts" of agriculture and luxury goods	65
5139016570	who are the uighurs and what did they do	group in turkic empire that rescued tang dynasty from internal revolts	66
5139030170	how did nomads find it more profitable to extort goods	thru working chinese government thru raids instead of ruling it	67
5139037576	what did the nomads do after the collaps of the han and tang dynasties	conquer many parts of china	68
5139057565	what people controlled parts of north china and required chinese song dynasty to give annual gifts	khitan and jurchen	69
5139065765	what gifts were given to xiongnu and turkic nomads to stop raids	wives and goods	70
5139072049	"bestowing gifts on barbarians" was a part of tribute system that allowed china to what	imagine that they were in control	71
5139581460	with what people was "becoming chinese" most popular	jurchen	72
5139585844	what pastoral communities retained culture and which ones were absorbed into china	north nomads retained, south nomads absorbed into china	73
5139591388	how did nomads influence china	founders of sui and tang mix of nomads and chinese	74
5139597935	what turkic infulence on tang and song courts and military	troops led in turkic style	75
5139604549	what dynasty had many foreign visitors from asia bringing tribute exotic goods and religions	tang	76
5139607431	in what dynasty was culture of "western barbarians" fashionable to elites	tang	77
5139614168	why didnt south china people (legacy to han) like the north people	for allowing women freedom, drinking yogurt and not tea and listening to western music (barbarian influence)	78
5139626422	what states that had tributary relationship with china were thoroughly agricultural and sedentary	korea, vietnam and japan	79
5139641384	who retained distinctive identities resisted chinese from politically dominating and appreciated chinese culture	japan, korea, vietnam	80
5139645222	what did the borrowing of chinese culture in japan, korea and vietnam resemble and how	developing countries of afro-asian societies that embraced modern stuff and western culture while maintaining political and cultural independence	81
5139659626	what was a major chinese influence did korea take	buddhism	82
5139661298	early korean states were friends or rivals	rivals	83
5139664168	on what exception did koreans resist chinese political control	when it was advantageous to join against local enemy	84
5139669793	what did the silla do with the tang dynasty in the seventh century	allied with tang to bring unity to peninsula	85
5139674533	what did the silla and tang alliance provoke in korea	sharp military resistance	86
5139677945	what was the result of the silla and tang alliance	withdrawal of chinese forces and tributary relationship with politically independent korea	87
5139687998	what did korea want to turn their state into	similar version of tang dynasty	88
5139696366	pros of korean tributary missions to china?	legitimacy to korean rulers, knowledge of chinese court, administrative techniques, trade (mostly luxury), confucian/buddhist texts, art	89
5139711874	what is the capital city of silla and what was it modeled after	kimsong modeled after chinese capital chang'an	90
5139715193	what did korean students sent to china study	mostly confucianism	91
5139718312	what did schools established in korea teach and what did they use	confucianism using chinese texts	92
5139721307	who supported more confucian society in korea	court	93
5139724664	what changed in womens rights in confucian korea and why	women not allowed to raise children in parents home cuz woman belonged to husbands family, no remarriage of widows, no burial of husband in wifes family plot, no female inheritance	94
5139736911	in korea why did men legally have to have a distinct primary wife. what problems did this cause	they got privileges and status. tensions within families	95
5139744899	korean restrictions on women later were stronger than chinas true or false	true	96
5139754403	was there little chinese cultural influence (except buddhism) beyond elites?	yes	97
5139759000	how often was the examination system for gov officials used. what did answer allow	not often. aristocrats to maintain control of bureaucratic positions	98
5139765319	what is the korean alphabet called and who resisted it	hangul. conservative confucian men	99
5139769839	didthe korean alphabet gradually take hold	yes	100
5139779209	vietnam was politically dependent/independent, a part/not a part of the tribute system, and borrowed heavily/lightly from china	independant, part of, heavily	101
5139784673	what part of vietnam was controlled by chinese for over thousand yrs	heartland aka red river valley	102
5139788042	how were vietnamese viewed by china	southern barbarians	103
5139794783	what did china do to enforce mandatory cultural assimilation in vietnam	chinese irrigation, confucian schools, chinese language, chinese clothing and hair mandatory	104
5139802858	why did chinese flood to "pacified south"	escape internal conflicts in china	105
5139807084	how did the chinese who flooded to "pacified south" feel about locals	despised them	106
5139812629	vietnam was a southern _____ of the universal world (china)	extension	107
5139825956	who led periodic rebellions in vietnam	women	108
5139825957	what did china make elite children do	learn chinese culture	109
5139830425	how did vietnam separate from tang dynasty	weakening of tang dynasty allowed rebellion	110
5139835278	did vietnam maintain tributary role with china after independence	yes	111
5139841558	how did vietnam view chinese methods of ruling. what did vietnamese do because of answer	useful. styled rulers as emperors, used mandate of heaven, used chinese court rituals	112
5139848092	did the examination system take root in vietnam	yes	113
5139850985	what did the use of the examination system in vietnam do to the establish aristocracy	undermined them	114
5139855802	the examination system in vietnam gave way to ________ for commoners	social mobility	115
5139859861	what south east asia practices remained with vietnam	seperate language cockfighting betel nuts	116
5139864610	women in vietnam had a greater/lower role in social and economic life	greater	117
5139868855	there were no female deities because of confucianism spreading in elite vietnam	false	118
5139872473	women were/were not allowed to choose hubby and were/were not allowed to live in parents household in vietnam	were, were	119
5139876802	did confucian gender practices enforced by northern officials work in vietnam	no	120
5139876803	birth of girl/boy preferred in vietnam	girl	121
5139886594	vietnamese writing used by_____	educated women	122
5139891070	what allowed japan to have voluntary and selective borrowing from china	there was no threat cuz they were separated by ocean	123
5139894902	was japan ever successfully invaded or conquered by china	no	124
5139897323	what did unified japanese state emerge from	aristocratic chiefdoms	125
5139902410	what did japanese aristocratic chiefdoms set out to transform japan into	centralized bureaucratic state like tang dynasty china	126
5139903952	who was shotoku taishi. what did he do	prominent aristocrat from one of major clans. sent ppl to china and brought back practices, made japanese rulers as chinese style emperor (seventeen article constitution) and encouraged buddhism and confucianism	127
5139933684	what did shotolu taishi emphasize	moral quality of rulers	128
5139936946	what chinese features were adopted in japan	court rituals, rankings, calander, taxes, laws, govt ministries, provincial administration	129
5139942956	japanese capital cities of nara and heian-kyo based on what chinese capital city	chang'an	130
5139949824	china liked/disliked japan	liked	131
5139952371	schools of chinese buddhism/confucianism took root	buddhism	132
5139955601	art architecture education views of afterlife etc reflected ______ culture in japan	buddhist	133
5139957300	what social class was chinese writing system used	elites	134
5139960147	when did missions to absorb more chinese cultural elements stop	10th century	135
5139963589	what did japan do with what they got from china and their own traditions	combine them	136
5139967374	did japan ever succeed in making a centralized bureaucratic state like china	no	137
5139971681	did the emperor have any real power in japan	no	138
5139971682	who held the power in japan	aristocratic families	139
5139976305	who did chinese style universities train	sons of court aristocrats	140
5139992465	what social class did the decentralized japanese state create	samurai	141
5139996606	because japan was decentralized what did local authorities do	create own military forces with samurais	142
5139999840	describe samurai warrior class	curved blades, value bravery loyalty etc, death over surrender (bushido)	143
5140004635	how did samurai contrast with chinas masculinity	samurai is military virtue china virtued intellectual and political achievements	144
5140010276	what was shinto	native japanese religion	145
5140014120	what is kami	sacred spirits associated with human ancestors and natural phenomena	146
5140016082	what did kami do to leaders	gave legitimacy (descendants of sun goddess)	147
5140027762	what did kami lack	philosophy/ritual	148
5140030971	did kami conflict with buddhism	no	149
5140034193	did kami assimilate into japanese buddhism as deities of principals	yes	150
5140039305	japanese writing system has chinese________	characters and phonetic symbols	151
5140040903	whats tanka	stylized japanese poetic form	152
5140048400	what period was tanka most used	heian	153
5140050642	tanka written in _______ script by __________________	japanese aristocratic women	154
5140052274	where does most knowledge about tanka come from	women diaries and novels	155
5140059399	what did elite japanese men write in	classical chinese	156
5140063140	how did influence of tang dynasty influence women in japan	had more freedom	157
5140067898	women could/couldnt inherit property, could/couldnt live with their parents or away from husbands, could/couldnt marry and break marriages easily in tang influenced japan	could could could	158
5140070135	did japan correspond with confucian values	no	159
5140070136	when did women lose status in japan	when samurai/master alliance replaced marriage as political strategy	160
5140080204	elite women influence in political life was reduced because of internal japanese affair/chinese influence	internal japanese affair	161
5140084195	chinas economic revolution lay in __________ innovations	technology	162
5140086302	what salt techniques came from china. where did it spread to	by evaporation. islam and Christian europe	163
5140089617	since when did china know how to make paper. where did it spread to	han dynasty. korea, vietnam, japan, india, islamic world, spain, france, germany, england	164
5140098959	where did printing spread to	korea (movable type developed) and japan	165
5140102646	what influenced printing development and why	buddhism bc invented to print sacred text	166
5140104038	who resisted printing and why	islamic world cuz value calligraphy	167
5140106255	why was printing delayed in europe	bc absense of paper	168
5140111568	what did the invention of gunpowder trigger in europe	invention of cannons	169
5140113116	who led the gunpowder revolution	europe	170
5140114935	who was the compass used by	everuone	171
5140117081	prosperity in __________ dynasty stimulated _______ based behavior	song market	172
5140121210	silk, porcelain found ready market from ______ to east ________ and everywhere inbetween	japan africa	173
5140126459	particular chinese technique/product stimulated innovations based on	local needs	174
5140130432	where did china learn cotton and sugar processing from	india	175
5140136985	didall farmers who moved to south china move voluntairily	no	176
5140229979	where did china get windmills from	persia	177
5140232092	what was first printed book. woodblock printing	diamon sutra	178
5140240558	indian ocean trade brought buddhist, hindu, and muslim temples to what costal city of china	quanzhaou	179
5140242431	did tensions of cultures erupt into violence sometimes	yes	180
5140245625	what type of state did indian ocean trade transform china into	one more based on producing for exporting instead of substinence economy	181
5140249943	what did merchants socially recieve not known before	acceptanced	182
5140252592	where did buddhism come from	india	183
5140256492	was buddhism the only large scale cultural borrowing in chinas history till marxism in 20 century	yes	184
5140258086	what did buddhism provide an element of in china	commonality	185
5140260885	where did buddhism enter china from	silk road	186
5140264671	in 1-2 century han dynasty new relegion had little/lots appeal. why	little cuz barbarian foreign	187
5140266716	how did buddhism values contrast confucian	secluded monks and nuns vs confucian family values. individual salvation selfish to confucians. buddhism abstractness vs. confucain natural/sciency (infinite eons vs finite dynastic cycles)	188
5140279663	what did buddhism provide in the face of collapsing society	comfort	189
5140281498	what did buddhist monasteries provide	refuge from violence, charity, medicine, reading education	190
5140287454	monastaries had magic to win battles, rain in droughts cured diseases and relief from guild true or false	true	191
5140291231	what were important things that changed when hindu tryna translate religion (dharma) to chinese terms	dao=the way, morality = submission and obedience, husband supports wife = husband controls wife	192
5140298512	broader, took hold in china, numerous deities, respect relics, many heavans/hells, bodhisattvas to aid believer	mahayana	193
5140304131	psychological individualistic buddhism	theravada	194
5140308408	what did faithfully repeating name of earlier buddha (amitabha) do	ensure rebirth in heavan (pure land)	195
5140313170	salvation without intensive meditation/study was appealing/unappealing	appealing	196
5140316927	sui emperor wendi supported/didnt support buddhist monasteries	supported	197
5140318580	what happened with buddhist monasteries in the west	got rich, exempt from taxes, ran businesses, water mills, gold, art, millions of employees, etc	198
5140323576	buddhism never achieved independence from state like Christian church did true or false	true	199
5140325998	how were monks hired	exams	200
5140325999	who supervised exams to hire monks	state	201
5140331838	what did education in monasteries require students to study	confucian classics	202
5140333566	what did some people have a problem with buddhism	state within state challenging imperial authority, resentment of wealth, environmental impact of monasteries, celibacy of monks against confucian, when state poor look to monasteries	203
5140341240	lushan rebellion revolted against ______ dynasty because hated _______	tang, foreign culture	204
5140343887	what did the imperial decrees against buddhism do	ordered monks to go back to being tax payers, monasteries etc public use, confiscate money, no more gold, silver etc to make images	205
5140350892	did buddhism vanish after imperial decrees against it?	nah	206
5140355156	buddhism played role in reformulation of confucian thinking (song)	true	207
5140356174	village people kept/didnt keep buddhism	kept	208
5140360475	unlike europe where foreign religion took control buddhism was assimilated into chinese culture and other traditions		209