AP Bio Flashcards

5249489274	Prokaryotic	smaller organelles NOT membrane-bound nucleoid instead of nucleus	0
5249510131	Eukaryotic	10x bigger than prokaryotic organelles ARE membrane-bound have nucleus	1
5249527826	TEM	Transmission ELectron Microscope Electrons transmit through- used to study the internal ultrastructure of cell	2
5249534427	SEM	Scanning Electron Microscope Electrons scans the surface	3
5249556497	Cell Fractionation	use centrifuge heaviest material goes to bottom	4
5249586983	Plant cells carry out both...	respiration and photosynthesis	5
5249591715	All cells have... (4 things)	plasma membrane Cytsol DNA/Chromosomes Ribosomes	6
5249630030	The nucleus is a double membrane. Inside, it's lined by NUCLEAR LAMINA.	protein filaments that help the nucleus maintain shape	7
5249998698	Chromosomes	coiled up chromatin fibers	8
5249668825	Nucleolus	Structure: within nucleus Function: constructing/assembling ribosomes ribosomal RNA is synthesized with proteins into ribosomal subunits	9
5250016462	Ribosomes	Structure: Located in ER Function: build proteins from amino acid monomers	10
5250810356	Free Ribosomes	suspended in cytosol function within the cell	11
5250825874	Rough ER	Structure: attached to nucleus and has ribosomes on it where proteins are made, and secrete proteins made by the ribosomes	12
5250844368	Smooth ER	Structure: attached to rough ER produces lipids, and cholesterol also breaks down toxins (detoxification)	13
5250855865	Golgi Body	finishes, sorts, and ships cell products modifies and adds carbohydrates	14
5250869403	CIS face	receives material from the ER	15
5250871039	TRANS face	shipping side to travel to other sites	16
5250878598	Cytoskeleton	maintains structure made up of microtubules and microfilaments	17
5250883608	Mitochondria	generates ATP	18
5250887068	Vacuole	stores things	19
5250888751	Cytosol	semifluid	20
5250898551	lysosomes	digestive component breaks down macromolecules DOESNT need oxygen	21
5251150776	peroxisomes	digestive component breaks down macromolecules REQUIRES oxygen hydroxide to water	22
5250905979	phagocytosis	a process lysosomes carry out in order to break down food (endocytosis)	23
5250920928	pinocytosis	vesicles break down fluids (endocytosis)	24
5250965906	facilitated diffusion	passive transport through transport proteins	25
5250987997	Active Transport	requires energy movement of molecules against gradient ex: sodium-potassium pump	26
5250992374	Passive Transport	doesn't require energy diffusion of substances across membrane	27
5251016795	Exocytosis	secrete macromolecules when vesicles come together with the membrane to push them out	28
5251031338	Endocytosis	takes in new macromolecules by forming new vesicles	29
5251066996	Microfilaments	thinnest of the 3 protein fibers made up of protein called actin involves cell movement maintains shape MUSCLE CELLS and PHAGOCYTES	30
5251089149	Intermediate FIlaments	slightly bigger than microfilaments found in nucleus maintains shape	31
5251101389	Microtubules	made up of the protein tubulin found in spindle apparatus which guides the movement of chromosomes during cell division	32
5251126281	Flagella	long and few one of the 2 basal bodies	33
5251126282	Cilia	short and many one of the 2 basal bodies	34
5251139950	Plasmodesmata		35
5251172688	Animal cells prefer...	isotonic	36
5251174405	Plant cells prefer...	hypertonic (turgor pressure) doesn't like flaccid	37