AP Language Flashcards

9866176214	Analogy	Explaining something complex by comparing it to something more simple.	0
9866176215	Argument	The combination of reasons, evidence, etc that an author uses to convince an audience of their position.	1
9866176216	Aristotelian appeals	Three different methods of appealing to an audience to convince them—ethos, logos, and pathos.	2
9866176217	Attitude	The writer's personal views or feelings about the subject at hand.	3
9866176218	Audience	Who the author is directing his or her message towards	4
9866176219	Compare and contrast	Discussing the similarities and differences between two things to some persuasive or illustrative purpose.	5
9866176220	Connotation	The implied meaning of a word; words can broadly have positive, negative, or neutral connotations.	6
9866176221	Context	The extra-textual environment in which the text is being delivered.	7
9866176222	Counterargument	The argument(s) against the author's position.	8
9866176223	Deductive reasoning	A form of logical reasoning wherein a general principle is applied to a specific case.	9
9866176224	Denotation	The literal, dictionary-definition meaning of a word.	10
9866176225	Diction	The style of language used; generally tailored to be appropriate to the audience and situation.	11
9866176226	Ethos	Setting up a source as credible and trustworthy.	12
9866176227	Evidence	The information presented meant to persuade the audience of the author's position.	13
9866176228	Figurative language	The use of language in a non-literal way; i.e. metaphor, simile, etc.	14
9866176229	Genre	The specific type of work being presented.	15
9866176230	Imagery	Any descriptive language used to evoke a vivid sense or image of something; includes figurative language.	16
9866176231	Implication	When something is suggested without being concretely stated.	17
9866176232	Inductive reasoning	Making a generalization based on specific evidence at hand.	18
9866176233	Irony	At the most basic sense, saying the opposite of what you mean; also used to describe situations in which the results of an action are dramatically different than intended.	19
9866176234	Juxtaposition	Placing two very different things together for effect.	20
9866176235	Logos	Appealing to someone's sense of concrete facts and logic.	21
9866176236	Occasion	The reason or moment for writing or speaking.	22
9866176237	Organization	How the different parts of an argument are arranged in a piece of writing or speech.	23
9866176238	Pathos	An Aristotelian appeal. Involves appealing to someone's emotions.	24
9866176239	Purpose	The author's persuasive intention.	25
9866176240	Repetition	Re-using a word or phrase repeatedly for effect or emphasis.	26
9866176241	Rhetoric	The use of spoken or written word (or a visual medium) to convey your ideas and convince an audience.	27
9866176242	Rhetorical triangle	The relationship between the author, the audience, the text/message, and the context.	28
9866176243	Speaker	The persona adopted by the author to deliver his or her message; may or may not actually be the same person as the author.	29
9866176244	Style	The author's own personal approach to rhetoric in the piece; similar to voice.	30
9866176245	Symbolism	Using a symbol to refer to an idea or concept.	31
9866176246	Syntax	The way sentences are grammatically constructed.	32
9866176247	Synthesis	Combining sources or ideas in a coherent way in the purpose of a larger point.	33
9866176248	Themes	Overarching ideas or driving premises of a work.	34
9866176249	Tone	The use of stylistic devices to reveal an author's attitude toward a subject.	35
9866176250	Voice	An author's unique sound. Similar to style.	36
9876887770	Alliteration	Using words with the same first letter repeatedly close together in a phrase or sentence.	37
9876887771	Allusion	Making a brief reference to the cultural canon—e.g. the Bible, Shakespeare, classical mythology, etc.	38
9876887772	Anecdote	Offering a brief narrative episode. This device can serve many functions in a text—for example, introducing an issue, serving as evidence, to illustrate a point, and so on.	39
9876887773	Concession	Agreeing with the opposing viewpoint on a certain smaller point (but not in the larger argument).	40
9876887774	Didactic	A text with an instructive purpose, often moral.	41
9876887775	Euphemism	Referring to something with a veiled phrase instead of saying it directly	42
9876887776	Exemplification	Providing examples in service of a point.	43
9876887777	Hyperbole	Overstating a situation for humorous or dramatic effect.	44
9876887778	Idiom	A commonly used phrase that signifies something very different than its literal meaning.	45
9876887779	Onomatopoeia	Using "sound-effect" words (e.g. "clap," "buzz).	46
9876887780	Paradox	A phrase or assertion that appears to contradict itself (but the contradiction itself may have its own meaning).	47
9876887781	Parallelism	Repeated structural elements in a sentence.	48
9876887782	Parody	Using the form of something to mimic and make fun of it.	49
9876887783	Personification	Giving human characteristics to a nonhuman object or idea.	50
9876887784	Sarcasm	Mockingly stating the opposite of what you mean. Easier to convey in the spoken word than via writing.	51
9876887785	Satire	A genre of humorous and mocking criticism to expose the ignorance and/or ills of society.	52
9876887786	Synecdoche	Referring to one part of something as a way to refer to the whole.	53
9876887787	Understatement	Deliberately minimizing something, usually for humorous effect.	54