AP World Chapter 2 Flashcards
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| 7559369775 | Mesopotamia | literally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the plain of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers | 0 | |
| 7559369776 | Cuneiform | form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets | 1 | |
| 7559369777 | Sumerians | people who migrated into Mesopotamia c. 4000 BCE; created first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states | 2 | |
| 7559369778 | City-state | a form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations | 3 | |
| 7559369779 | Babylonians | unified all of Mesopotamia c. 1800 BCE; empire collapsed due to foreign invasion c. 1600 BCE | 4 | |
| 7559369780 | Hammurabi | the most important ruled of the Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law. | 5 | |
| 7559369781 | Pharaoh | title of kings of ancient Egypt | 6 | |
| 7559369782 | Pyramids | monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs | 7 | |
| 7559369783 | Kush | an African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 1000 BCE; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries. | 8 | |
| 7559369784 | Indus River | river sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization | 9 | |
| 7559369785 | Harappa | along with Mohenjodaro, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on a planned grid pattern | 10 | |
| 7559369786 | Aryans | Indo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced the Harappan civilization; militarized society | 11 | |
| 7559369787 | Vedas | Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century BCE | 12 | |
| 7559369788 | Upanishads | later books of the Vedas; contained sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas; utilized by Brahmans to restore religious authority. | 13 | |
| 7559369789 | Yellow River | also known as the Huang He; site of development of sedentary agriculture in China | 14 | |
| 7559369790 | Ideographs | pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing | 15 | |
| 7559369791 | Shang | first Chinese dynasty for which archaeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huang He; flourished from 1600 to 1046 BCE | 16 | |
| 7559369792 | Olmecs | people of a cultural tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico c. 1200 BCE; featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginnings of calendrical and writing systems | 17 | |
| 7559369793 | Phoenicians | seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean. | 18 | |
| 7559369794 | Monotheism | the exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into Western civilization. | 19 |