AP World History Sections 1-2 civilizations Flashcards
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| 4861365630 | Mesopotamia writing system | cuneiform | 0 | |
| 4861365631 | Mesopotamia trade | extensive trade with Egypt and Indus Valley | 1 | |
| 4861365632 | Mesopotamia tools | bronze, used chariots | 2 | |
| 4861365633 | Mesopotamia sciences | math based on 60, advanced astronomy | 3 | |
| 4861365634 | Mesopotamia world view | pessimistic (perhaps because of irregular flood of the rivers) | 4 | |
| 4861365635 | Mesopotamia religion | polytheism (powerful and cruel gods) | 5 | |
| 4861365636 | Mesopotamia political organization | kings (powerful but not divine) and city-states, unstable | 6 | |
| 4861365637 | Mesopotamia rivers | Tigris and Euphrates | 7 | |
| 4861365638 | Mesopotamia law | hammurabi's code | 8 | |
| 4861365639 | Mesopotamia women | marriage contracts, had to wear veils, upper class=less equal than lower class | 9 | |
| 4861365640 | Mesopotamia social classes | they existed | 10 | |
| 4861365641 | Mesopotamia jobs | had specialization: farmers, metallurgists, merchants, craftsmen, political administrators, priests | 11 | |
| 4861365642 | Egypt sciences | some medical knowledge, less advanced in math and astronomy | 12 | |
| 4861365643 | Egypt trade | less extensive than Mesopotamia | 13 | |
| 4861365644 | Egypt religion | polytheism, belief in afterlife (book of the dead) | 14 | |
| 4861365645 | Egypt world view | optimistic (possibly because of regular flooding of river) | 15 | |
| 4861365646 | Egypt political organization | pharaoh with divine status, highly centralized government, 3 kingdoms (stable), had regional governors | 16 | |
| 4861365647 | Egypt writing system | hieroglyphics (pictorial language) | 17 | |
| 4861365648 | Egypt river | Nile | 18 | |
| 4861365649 | Egypt women | higher status than Mesopotamia, importance on male/female relationships | 19 | |
| 4861365650 | Egypt priests | high status | 20 | |
| 4861365651 | Hatshepsut | female pharaoh of Egypt | 21 | |
| 4861365652 | Nefertiti | influential wife of pharaoh in Egypt | 22 | |
| 4861365653 | Indus Valley writing system | undercipherable | 23 | |
| 4861365654 | Indus Valley trade | soapstone seals indicated trade with Mesopotamian and China | 24 | |
| 4861365655 | Indus Valley weapons | stone arrowheads, no swords | 25 | |
| 4861365656 | Indus Valley religion | polytheism (primary god- naked man with horns; fertility goddesses) | 26 | |
| 4861365657 | Indus Valley main cities | Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro | 27 | |
| 4861365658 | Indus Valley river (duh) | Indus | 28 | |
| 4861365659 | Indus Valley political organization | limited info but assumed to be complex and centralized (based off of plumbing, city planning, and large granaries) | 29 | |
| 4861365660 | Indus Valley priests | high status | 30 | |
| 4861365661 | Indus Valley class system | different house sizes indicate it existed | 31 | |
| 4861365662 | Indus Valley women | reverence for female reproductive function (based on statues) | 32 | |
| 4861365663 | Shang China religion | oracle bones to communicate with ancestors | 33 | |
| 4861365664 | Shang China writing | complex pictorial language (3000 characters by end of dynasty) | 34 | |
| 4861365665 | Shang China writing continued | became bond among people who spoke different languages | 35 | |
| 4861365666 | Shang China weapons | bronze weapons (and tools), horse-drawn chariot | 36 | |
| 4861365667 | Shang China trading | geography separated them but probably traded with Indus Valley | 37 | |
| 4861365668 | Shang China river | Huang He (yellow river) | 38 | |
| 4861365669 | Shang China political organization | emperor, centralized government (preoccupied with flood control of rivers) | 39 | |
| 4861365670 | Shang China jobs | specialization as farmers, slaves, and bureaucrats | 40 | |
| 4861365671 | Shang China social classes | warrior, aristocrats, bureaucrats, farmers, slaves | 41 | |
| 4861365672 | Shang China women | patriarchal society- women were wives and concubines (and sometimes shamans) | 42 | |
| 4861365673 | Olmec sciences | highly developed in astronomy (used it to predict agricultural cycles and please gods) | 43 | |
| 4861365674 | Olmec religion | polytheism, ritual ball games, jaguar symbol important, giant carved stone heads (probably religiously significant) | 44 | |
| 4861365675 | Olmec farming | irrigation and drainage canals | 45 | |
| 4861365676 | Olmec political organization | (apparently) not united politically (unusual) | 46 | |
| 4861365677 | Olmec priests | highest status | 47 | |
| 4861365678 | Olmec jobs | most were farmers, some craft specializations | 48 | |
| 4861365679 | Chavin religion | polytheism, jaguar men | 49 | |
| 4861365680 | Chavin architecture | square stones, didn't use mortar | 50 | |
| 4861365681 | Chavin agriculture | based on maize (a type of corn) | 51 | |
| 4861365682 | Chavin geography (because apparently it's unique) | lived on coast, in mountains, and in jungle | 52 | |
| 4861365683 | Chavin political organization | (probable) political unification (capital city) | 53 | |
| 4861365684 | Chavin priests | highest status | 54 | |
| 4861365685 | Chavin jobs | most were farmers | 55 | |
| 4861365686 | Greece (Athens) education | highly valued, interest in political theory (which gov. is the best?) | 56 | |
| 4861365687 | Greece sciences | philosophy and science emphasized | 57 | |
| 4861365688 | Greece highly developed things (sorry really no better category) | sculpture, literature, math, written language, and record keeping | 58 | |
| 4861365689 | Greece religion | polytheism- gods had human characteristics | 59 | |
| 4861365690 | Greece cities | relatively small | 60 | |
| 4861365691 | Greece sailing | VERY GOOD (centered around Aegean and Mediterranean seas) | 61 | |
| 4861365692 | Greece political organizaiton | no centralized government | 62 | |
| 4861365693 | Greece-Sparta- government | military state | 63 | |
| 4861365694 | Greece- Athens- government | democracy for adult males (initially was dominated by tyrants, but eventually became a democracy) | 64 | |
| 4861365695 | Greece military | very strong (in both Athens and Sparta) | 65 | |
| 4861365696 | Greece-Sparta- social structure | wealth accumulation not allowed, men and women were generally equal (separated until they were 30) | 66 | |
| 4861365697 | Greece-Athens- social structure | men were free, women and slaves had little freedom | 67 | |
| 4861365698 | Greece social status | slavery widely practiced, depended on land holdings and cultural sophistication | 68 | |
| 4861365699 | Rome military | conquered but didn't oppress, divided into legions (emphasized organization and talent) | 69 | |
| 4861365700 | Rome sciences (THIEVES) | art, literature, philosophy, and science from Greece | 70 | |
| 4861365701 | Rome architecture | Superb- extensive road, sanitation systems, buildings, aqueducts, bridges | 71 | |
| 4861365702 | Rome religion (THIEVES) | polytheism (also from Greeks) not particularly important, eventually Christianity | 72 | |
| 4861365703 | Rome the republic | ruled by aristocrat, senate, two consuls | 73 | |
| 4861365704 | Rome the empire | non-hereditary emperor chosen by senate/predecessor | 74 | |
| 4861365705 | Rome (both the republic and the empire) | extensive colonization, strict laws | 75 | |
| 4861365706 | Rome social structure | division between patricians (aristocrats) and plebeians (free farmers) | 76 | |
| 4861365707 | Rome social status | based on land owndership | 77 | |
| 4861365708 | Rome gender heirarchy | paterfamilias- male dominated family sturctre | 78 | |
| 4861365709 | Rome slaves | very dependent on slaves | 79 | |
| 4861365710 | China religion (its actually a philosophy but oh whale) | confucianism (dominated political and social structure), legalism, daoism, and buddhism (<- not influential yet) | 80 | |
| 4861365711 | China construction(?) | Great Wall, clay soldiers (terra cota warriors), Shi Huangdi lavish tomb | 81 | |
| 4861365712 | China Han | golden age: Silk Road, new inventions (water mills, paper, compasses, and pottery, and silk-making), calendar (365.5 days!!!), sophisticated capital (Xi'an), urbanization | 82 | |
| 4861365713 | China political organization and religious affiliation | Mandate of Heaven, emperor= son of heaven, forbidden city, centralized power (under Shi Huangdi) | 83 | |
| 4861365714 | China Confucianism influence | examination systems, political authority controlled by confucian values | 84 | |
| 4861365715 | China social structure | family= basic unity of society | 85 | |
| 4861365716 | China social status | based on land ownership, emergence of scholar gentry | 86 | |
| 4861365717 | China social divide | big divide between rural and urban (wealth concentrated in cities), some slavery but not as much | 87 | |
| 4861365718 | China women | patriarchal society (enforced by confucianism), emphasized obedience of wife to husband | 88 | |
| 4861365719 | India religion | hinduism (dominant) and buddhism | 89 | |
| 4861365720 | India religious texts | Vedas (hindu), Ramayana and Mahabarata | 90 | |
| 4861365721 | India trade | Silk Road, Indian Ocean Trade | 91 | |
| 4861365722 | India math | 10-based system, arabic numerals | 92 | |
| 4861365723 | India political organization | lack of unity: geographic barriers and diversity of people, caste membership and group allegiances= more important than political authority | 93 | |
| 4861365724 | India empires | Mauryan and Gupta, formed based on military conquest | 94 | |
| 4861365725 | India-Mauryan | Ashoka (greatest emperor) converted to buddhism and kept the religion alive | 95 | |
| 4861365726 | India-Gupta | grand palace and courts to conceal political weaknesses | 96 | |
| 4861365727 | India social structure | caste system (birth groups called Jati) determined jobs | 97 | |
| 4861365728 | India social status | inheritance of property | 98 | |
| 4861365729 | India women | (during earlier part of time period) women had property rights | 99 |