AP English Language and Composition Flashcards

8543443856	ad hominem	Latin for "to the man" this fallacy refers to the specific diversionary tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker. [If you argue that a park in your community should not be renovated because the person supporting it was arrested during a domestic dispute, then you are guilty of using an ad hominem fallacy.]	0
8543496348	ad populum	Latin for "to the people," this fallacy occurs when evidence used to defend an argument boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do." [If you argument that people should vote for Rachel Johnson because she has a strong lead in the polls, then you are guilty of using an ad populum fallacy.	1
8543523597	anecdote	a brief story used to illustrate a point or claim	2
8543529733	claim of fact	asserts that something is true or not true	3
8543538853	claim of policy	proposes a change	4
8543546371	claim of value	argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong	5
8543553640	concession	an acknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable	6
8543563373	deduction	a logical process wherein you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth - a major permise - and applying it to a specific case - a [MINOR PREMISE = Yoga is a type of exercise. CONCLUSION = Yoga contributes to better heath]	7
8543624100	induction	From the Latin inducere, "to lead into," induction is a logical process wherein you reason from particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion, which is also called a generalization [Regular exercise promotes weight loss. Exercise lowers stress levels .Exercise improves mood and outlook.GENERALIZATION: Exercise contributes to better health.]	8
8543720333	inversion	inverted order of words in a sentence [deviation from the subject-verb-object order]	9
8543736474	irony, dramatic	tension created by the contrast between what a character says or think and what the audience or readers know to be true [As a result of this technique, some words and actions in a story or play take on a different meaning for the reader than they do for the characters]	10
8543767439	irony, situational	a discrepancy between what is expected and what actually happens	11
8543773645	irony, verbal	a figure of speech that occurs when a speaker or character says one thing but means something else or when what is said is the opposite of what is expected, creating a noticeable incongruity.	12
8543793426	metonymy	figure of speech in which something is represented by another thing that is related to it or emblematic of it [The pen is mightier than the sword.]	13
8543815097	mood	the feeling or atmosphere created by a text	14
8543820807	qualitative evidence	evidence supported by reason, tradition, or precedent	15
8543843110	quantitative evidence	evidence includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in number [ for instance, statistics, surveys, polls, and census information]	16
8543864223	refutation	a denial of the validity of all or part of an opposing argument	17
8543872603	satire	the use of irony or sarcasm as a means of critique, usually of a society or a n individual	18
8543893718	synecdoche	figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole [Because my bank account is running low this month, I have no choice but to start relying on my plastic .]	19
8543916181	tone	a speaker's attitude toward the subject as conveyed by the speaker's stylistic and rhetorical choices.	20