AP Language Terms Flashcards

3039315674	absolute	a word free from limitations or qualifications	0
3039315675	aesthetic effect/purpose	the psychological responses to beauty & artistic experiences	1
3039315676	allegory	an extended metaphor	2
3039315677	alliteration	the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning or in the middle of two or more adjacent words	3
3039315678	allusion	a reference to a specific body of knowledge	4
3039315679	anadiplosis	the repetition of the last word of one clause and at the beginning of the following clause	5
3039315680	analogy	a comparison of two different things that are similar in some way	6
3039315681	anaphora	the repetition of a group of a word at the beginning of successive clause	7
3039315682	anecdote	a brief narrative offered in a text to capture the audience's attention or to support a generalization of a claim	8
3039315683	anticipated objection	a technique a writer/speaker uses in an argumentative text to address and answer objections, although the audience hasn't yet voiced their objections	9
3039315684	antithesis	the juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas, often in a parallel structure	10
3039315685	aphorism	a short, often witty statement or a truth about life	11
3039315686	appeal	a persuasive strategy dealing with logos, pathos, and ethos	12
3039315687	asyndeton	the omission of conjunctions between related clauses	13
3039315688	cause & effect	a rhetorical strategy that examines the relationship between events or conditions and their consequences	14
3039315689	chiasmus	inverted relationship between two elements in two parallel phrases	15
3039315690	claim	the ultimate conclusion, generalization, or point the a syllogism or enthymeme expresses	16
3039315691	classification	a rhetorical strategy, dividing a subject into categories and then analyzes the characteristics of each category	17
3039315692	cliche	an expression that has been overused to the extent that it has lost it's original meaning	18
3039315693	colloquialism	a word or phrase used in everyday conversation & informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing	19
3039315694	compare & contrast	two complementary strategies that examines the similarities and differences between two subjects	20
3039315695	conceit	a figure of speech in which two vastly different things are likened together with the help of similes or metaphors	21
3039315696	connotation	the implied meaning of a word, in contrast to its directly expressed dictionary meaning	22
3039315697	controlling idea	an idea that provides the common thread that ties a text together	23
3039315698	cumulative sentence	an independent clause followed by a series of phrases or clauses that gathers details about a person, place, event, or idea	24
3039315699	deductive reasoning	reasoning that begins with a general principle and concludes with a specific instance that demonstrates the general principle	25
3039315700	definition	a writing strategy that describes the nature of an abstract or concrete subject	26
3039315701	denotation	the "dictionary definition" of a word, in contrast to its connotation (implied meaning)	27
3039315702	descriptive	using words of something or someone through detailed observation of color, motion, sound, taste, smell, and touch to create a picture	28
3039315703	diction	word choice, which is viewed on scales of formality/informality, concreteness, and abstractness	29
3039315704	didactic	formal writing whose purpose is to instruct or to teach	30
3039315705	dominant impression	a principle effect the author wishes to create for the audience in descriptive writing	31
3039315706	elliptical construction (ellipsis)	the omission of words, the meaning which is provided by overall context of a passage	32
3039315707	emphatic order	a method that uses a sequenced list in persuasive writing	33
3039315708	epithet	a word or phrase adding characteristic to a person's name	34
3039315709	ethos	the appeal of a text to the credibility and character of the speaker, writer, or narrator	35
3039315710	euphemism	an indirect expression of unpleasant information in such a way as to lessen its impact	36
3039315711	figurative language	language dominated by the use of the scheme and tropes	37
3039315712	framing	the use of the same features, wording, setting, or topic at both the beginning and end of a literary work so as to "frame" or enclose it	38
3039315713	imagery	language that evokes particular sensations or emotionally rich experiences in a reader	39
3039315714	incongruity	a situation where two unlike things are placed together	40
3039315715	inductive reasoning	reasoning that begins by citing a number of instances or examples and then shows how collectively they constitute a general principle	41
3039315716	invective	a verbally abuse attack	42
3039315717	irony	writing or speaking that implies the contrary of what is actually written or spoken	43
3039315718	isocolon	parallel elements that are similar in structure and in length	44
3039315719	litotes	an understatement	45
3039315720	logical fallacy	a mistake in reasoning	46
3039315721	logos	an appeal of a text based on the logical structure of its argument or central ideas	47
3039315722	loose sentence	a sentence that adds modifying elements after the subject, verb, & compliment	48
3039315723	metaphor	an implied comparison that does not use the word like or as	49
3039315846	metonomy	an entity referred to by one of its attributes or association	50
3039315847	narrative	an anecdote or a story offered in support of a generalization, claim, or point	51
3039315848	onomatopoeia	a literary device in which the sound of a word is related to its meaning	52
3039315849	oxymoron	juxtaposed words with seemingly contradictory meanings	53
3039315850	paradox	a statement that seems untrue on the surface but is true nevertheless	54
3039315851	parallelism	a set of similarly structured words, phrases, or clauses that appears in a sentence or a paragraph	55
3039315852	parody	a work ridiculing the style of another work by imitating and exaggerating its elements	56
3039315853	pathos	the appeal of a text to the emotions or interests of the audience	57
3039315854	pedantic	term used to describe a person who makes an excessive or inappropriate display of learning	58
3039315855	periodic sentence	a sentence with modifying elements included before the verb and/or compliment	59
3039315856	point of view/vantage point	the perspective or source of a piece of writing	60
3039315857	qualifier	a word or phrase that precedes an adjective or adverb, increasing or decreasing the quality signified by the modified word	61
3039315858	repetition	in a text, the repeated use of sounds, words, phrases, or clauses to emphasize meaning or achieve effect	62
3039315859	rhetorical question	a question posed by the speaker or the writer not to seek answer but instead to affirm or deny a point	63
3039315860	rhetorical triangle	a diagram showing the relations of the writer or speaker, reader or listener, and text in a rhetorical situation	64
3039315861	sarcasm	the use of mockery or bitter irony	65
3039315862	satire	a work that reveals a critical attitude towards some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way	66
3039315863	scheme	an artful variation from typical formation and arrangement of words or sentences	67
3039315864	semantics	the field of linguistics concerned with the study of meaning in language	68
3039315865	sensory language	a strategy used in descriptive writing to enhance a reader's five senses	69
3039315866	syllogism	logical reasoning from inarguable premises	70
3039315867	synesthetic image (synesthesia)	a technique adopted by writers to present ideas, characters, or places in such a manner that appeals to more than one sense	71
3039315868	syntax	the order of words in a sentence	72
3039315869	tautology	a group of words that merely repeats the meaning already conveyed	73
3039315870	tone	the writer's or speaker's attitude towards the subject matter	74
3039315871	Toulmin argument	an organizational structure used in argumentative writing	75
3039315872	tricolon	sentence consisting of 3 parts of equal importance and length	76
3039315873	trope	an artful variation from expected modes of expression of thoughts and ideas	77
3039315874	understatement	the deliberate playing down of a situation to make a statement	78
3039315875	voice	refers to the relationship between a sentence's subject & verb, or the total "sound" of a writer's style	79
3039315876	warrant	in argument, a plausible assertion that a reader must agree with in order to accept the claim	80
3039315877	zeugma	a trope in which one word, usually a noun or the main idea, governs two other words not related in the meaning	81