AP Language Terms Flashcards

4084299662	Ad Hominem	A fallacy that attacks the opposing speaker or another person rather than addressing the issues at hand	0
4084299663	Allegory	Fictional work in which the characters represent ideas or concepts	1
4084299664	Alliteration	The repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginning of words	2
4084299665	Allusion	A reference, usually oblique or faint, to another place, idea, or person from history or literature	3
4084299666	Ambiguity	Uncertain or indefinite; subject to more than one interpretation	4
4084299667	Analogy	The correspondance or resemblance between two things that are essentially different	5
4084299668	Faulty Analogy	poorly devised, inaccurate or illogical comparison	6
4084299669	Anecdote	A short story used to illustrate a point the author is making	7
4084299670	Antecedent	Every pronoun refers back to a previous noun or pronoun	8
4084299671	Antithesis	An opposition or contrast of ideas that is often expressed in balanced phrases or clauses	9
4084299672	Aphorism	A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle	10
4084299673	Apostrophe	A figure of speech in which an absent person or personified object is addressed by a speaker	11
4084299674	Appositive	A word or phrase that follows a noun or pronoun for emphasis or clarity	12
4084299675	Asyndeton	When the conjunctions (such as "and" or "but") that would normally connect a string of words, phrases, or clauses are omitted from a sentence	13
4084299676	Atmosphere (mood)	the emotional feeling of a place, scene, or event	14
4084299677	Bandwagon Appeals	A fallacy that urges people to follow the same path or accept the same idea based on popular behavior/opinion	15
4084299678	Begging the Question	A fallacy that assumes as true the very claim that is disputed; a form of circular reasoning that is divorced from reality	16
4084299679	Caricature	a verbal description, the purpose of which is to exaggerate or distort a person's distinctive physical features or other characteristics	17
4084299680	Clause	a grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb	18
4084299681	Coordination	joining one or more equal grammatical units (words, phrases, or clauses) with a coordinating conjunction	19
4084299682	Contrast	explain differences in two or more items	20
4084299683	Colloquial Language	Slang or common language that is informal	21
4084299684	Connotation	the interpretive level of a word based on associated images rather than the literal meaning	22
4084299685	Deductive Argument	The process of moving from a general rule to a specific example	23
4084299686	Denotation	The literal, dictionary defined meaning of a word	24
4084299687	Diction	An author's choice of words	25
4084299688	Didactic	Writing which has the purpose of teaching or instructing	26
4084299689	Dogmatism	A fallacy that asserts or assumes there is only one solution or direction to go	27
4084299690	Either-Or Choices	A fallacy that asserts there are only two choices, one positive and one negative	28
4084299691	Elegy	A work that expresses sorrow	29
4084299692	Ellipses	indicated by a series of three periods; shows that words have been omitted	30
4084299693	Equivocation	an argument that gives a lie an honest appearance; a half truth	31
4084299694	Ethos	Refers to the honesty, credibility, values, intentions and authority of the speaker	32
4084299695	Euphemism	A mild or pleasant sounding expression that substitutes for a harsh, indelicate, or simply less pleasant idea	33
4084299696	Exposition	Writing or speech that is organized to explain	34
4084299697	False Authority	A fallacy that offers the speaker/writer's authority as the sole reason for believing a claim	35
4084299698	Faulty Causality	in Latin "post hoc, ergo propter hoc". A fallacy that assumes one event/action causes another	36
4084299699	Figurative Language	All uses of language that imply an imaginative comparison	37
4084299700	Footnotes	numbered references within a work that correspond to numbers at the bottom of the page	38
4084299701	Foreshadowing	A purposeful hint placed in a work of literature to suggest what may occur later in the narrative	39
4084299702	Genre	The major category into which a literary work fits (prose, poetry, drama) (fiction etc.)	40
4084299703	Hasty Generalization	A fallacy that assumes as true an inference derived from insuffcient evidence; a stereotype	41
4084299704	Hyperbole	A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to achieve emphasis	42
4084299705	Imagery	A mental picture that is conjured by specific words and associations	43
4084299706	Inductive Argument	creating a case by providing specific examples and drawing a conclusion based on the evidence they provide	44
4084299707	Inference/infer	to draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented	45
4084299708	Invective (tirade, polemic)	an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language	46
4084299709	Irony	Contrast between what is stated and what is really meant, or the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true	47
4084299710	Verbal Irony	when the words literally state the opposite of the writer's meaning	48
4084299711	Situational Irony	when events turn out the opposite of what characters and readers expect	49
4084299712	Dramatic Irony	when facts or events are known by the audience but not the characters in work	50
4084299713	Juxtaposition	when two contrasting things are placed next to each other for comparison	51
4084299714	Logos	the use of hard evidence and logicial reasoning as a controlling principle in an argument	52
4084299715	Metaphor	a figure of speech in which two things are compared directly	53
4084299716	Metonymy	a figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	54
4084299717	Mood (atmosphere)	The prevailing or dominant feeling of a work, scene, or event	55
4084299718	Narrative	the telling of a story or an account of an event of series of events	56
4084299719	Non Sequitur	A fallacy that claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect or follow each other	57
4084299720	Onomatopoeia	an effect created by words that have sounds that reinforce their meaning; buzz, hiss, hum, crack	58
4084299721	Oxymoron	two contradictory words in one expression; jumbo shrimp	59
4084299722	Paradox	a seeming contradiction that in fact reveals some truth	60
4084299723	Parallelism	a literary technique that relies on the use of the same syntactical structure	61
4084299724	Parenthetical Ideas	A short diversion from the main point of a work	62
4084299725	Parody	an effort to ridicule or make fun of a literary work or an author by writing a comic imitation of the work	63
4084299726	Pathos	A sympathetic appeal to pity or compassion used in an argument	64
4084299727	Pedantic	a tone that is overly academic, scholarly, or bookish	65
4084299728	Persona	the character created by the voice and narration of the speaker of a text	66
4084299729	Personification	a figure of speech in which ideas or objects are described as having human qualities or personalities	67
4084299730	Point of View	the particular perspective from which a story is told	68
4084299731	Pun	a play on words	69
4084299732	Repetition	the reiteration of a word, phrase, image sound, etc. for emphasis	70
4084299733	Rhetoric	the art, style and logic of a written or spoken argument to persuade, to analyze, or to expose	71
4084299734	Rhetorical Strategy	the way an author organizes words, sentences, and overall argument in order to achieve a particular purpose	72
4084299735	Rhetorical Devices	the specific language tools that an author uses to carry out a rhetorical strategy (diction, imagery, syntax)	73
4084299736	Rhetorical Question	a question that is asked for the sake of the argument	74
4084299737	Satire	to ridicule or mock ideas, persons, events, or doctrines while making a clear point (unlike parody)	75
4084299738	Scare Tactics	a fallacy that over-emphasizes possible dangers well beyond their statistical likelihood	76
4084299739	Selection of Detail	the specific words, incidents, images, or events the author uses to create a scene or narrative; details may be concrete or abstract	77
4084299740	Semantics	the branch of language that studies the meaning of words	78
4084299741	Declarative sentence	assertive- a statement	79
4084299742	Imperative sentence	auhoritative- command	80
4084299743	Interrogative sentence	asks a question	81
4084299744	Exclamatory sentence	expresses emotion	82
4084299745	Simple Sentence	one subject and one verb	83
4084299746	Compound Sentence	more than one subject and/or verb (no dependent clauses)	84
4084299747	Complex Sentence	one independent and one or more dependent clauses	85
4084299748	Compound-Complex Sentence	two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses	86
4084299749	Loose (Cumulative) Sentence	subordinate structures after the main subject and verb	87
4084299750	Periodic (Climactic) Sentence	subordinate structures before the main subject and verb	88
4084299751	Convoluted sentence	subordinate structures between main subject and verb	89
4084299752	Sentimental Appeals	a fallacy that uses tender, heartwarming emotions excessively to distract readers from facts	90
4084299753	Simile	a figure of speech that compares one thing with another using the words "like" or "as"	91
4084299754	Slippery Slope	a fallacy that portrays a small problem as tomorrow's slide into disaster	92
4084299755	Speaker	the narrator of a story, poem, or drama	93
4084299756	Straw man	a fallacy that attacks an argument that really isn't there or isn't the real issue at hand	94
4084299757	Subordination	joining two or more unequal grammatical units (words, phrases, or clauses) with a subordinating conjunction	95
4084299758	Syllogism	a form of deductive reasoning in which pieces of evidence are used to create a new conclusion	96
4084299759	Symbol	something that represents something else	97
4084299760	Synonym	a word that has the same, or nearly the same, meaning as another word	98
4084299761	Syntax	the way words are arranged in a sentence	99
4084299762	Tension	a feeling of excitement and expectation the reader or audience feels because of the conflict, mood, or atmosphere of the work	100
4084299763	Theme	the central idea	101
4084299764	Tone	Author's attitude	102
4084299765	Transition	a word or phrase that links different ideas	103
4084299766	Understatement	when an author assigns less significance to an event or thing than it deserves	104