AP Language Vocab Flashcards

5040481848	confirmation bias	tendency to view information in a way that validates our existing opinions and beliefs	0
5040490478	conformation bias	Ex. Ignoring any news report or opinion broadcasted by Fox News because you usually disagree with the channels commentaries	1
5040501864	Bandwagon Effect	making decisions on the basis of the majority opinion	2
5040506115	bandwagon effect	ex. assuming that Justin Beiber is a good singer before hearing his music because Emily Ryan (as well as others) wears t-shirts that bear his image	3
5040514808	wishful thinking	irrational optimism	4
5040517771	wishful thinking	ex. feeling certain you will win the lottery, even if the odds are one in a million	5
5040540790	framing bias	when the same issue is presented in different ways, we tend to respond differently	6
5040548839	framing bias	ex. glass is half full, glass is half empty	7
5040552140	clustering illusion	when data occurs in groups, people often read meaning into this grouping even if it is completely random	8
5040574612	clustering illusion	ex. it's rained every Saturday for a month, so it's probably going to rain this Saturday	9
5040580737	gamblers fallacy	people tend to think that the results of a random event will affect the probably of future outcomes	10
5040588266	gamblers fallacy	ex. the idea that lightening never strikes the same place twice	11
5040593462	halo effect	when we are exposed to someone with one positive quality, we tend to think there are other desirable characteristics about that person even if there are none	12
5040606568	halo effect	ex. voting for the more attractive candidate because "he just seems more honest"	13
5040616517	illusionary superiority	viewing oneself as better to others	14
5040622321	illusionary superiority	ex. even though Colie has gotten in multiple car wrecks, she still considers herself a good driver	15
5040649241	self-serving bias	claiming an undue amount of positive credit for a situation and below average amount for a negative one	16
5040659777	self-serving bias	ex. taking credit for your daughters good grades, and blaming her bad study habits on her teacher	17
5040666287	syllogism	type of deductive reasoning; a conclusion that must be true because the premises are true.	18
5040676648	syllogism	ex. 1. All teachers assign homework 2. Mrs. Wiseheart is a teacher 3. Mrs. Wiseheart must assign homework	19
5040685063	anaphora	repetition of the FIRST set of words	20
5040688271	anaphora	ex. "I have a Dream" speech	21
5040697287	epistrophe	repetition of the LAST set of words	22
5040704213	epistrophe	ex. Vanessa is amazing. Emily is amazing.	23
5040708703	syntax	way author chooses to join words, similar to diction	24
5040716045	asyndeton	a string of words not separated by normally occurring junctions	25
5040732550	asyndeton	ex. He comes, he sleeps, he goes	26
5040734968	zeugma	two or more parts of a sentence are joined with a common verb or noun	27
5040739706	zeugma	ex. I bought her story and her drink ex2. lust conquered shame, audacity fear, madness reason	28
5040888789	allegory	using a character or story elements as a way to represent a certain idea	29
5040894743	allegory	ex. having the characters personify hope or freedom	30
5040901360	antecedent	the word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun	31
5040908284	antecedent	ex. when giving treats to CHILDREN and FRIENDS, give them whatever THEY like. they=pronoun children & friends=?	32
5040939574	caricature	verbal description used to exaggerate or distort (for comic effect) a persons physical features/ other characteristics	33
5040975981	caricature	ex. her eyes were lazers, boring a hole through me	34
5040981747	euphanism	less offensive word for an unpleasant word	35
5040984129	euphanism	"earthly remains" instead of "corpse"	36
5040988615	paradox	a statement that appears to be contradictory, but on a closer look appears to have some truth	37
5040997499	paradox	ex. jumbo shrimp	38
5161515404	allusion	a direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art	39
5161519682	allusion	ex. to be or not to be	40
5161536625	antimetabole	the words in one phrase or clause are replicated, exactly or closely, in reverse grammatical order in the next phrase or clause	41
5161550590	antimetabole	ex. "The absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence." -- Carl Sagan	42
5161561874	colloquial/colloquialism	slang or informalities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, give a work a conversational, familiar tone	43
5161561875	colloquial/colloquialism	ex. its raining cats and dogs	44
5161572825	homily	this term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice	45
5161576152	homily	ex. A pastor giving a message at church service	46
5161585662	parody	a work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule	47
5161585663	parody	ex. The Starving Games	48
5278368582	ambiguity	the multiple meanings of a word/phrase (intentional/unintentional)	49
5278379414	ambiguity	ex. I rode a black horse in red PJs	50
5278401308	antithesis	two opposite ideas are put together to create a startling affect	51
5278424850	antithesis	ex. I hope one day my children WILL NOT BE JUDGED BY THE COLOR OF THEIR SKIN but by THE CONTEXT OF THEIR CHARACTER	52
5278436944	conceit	extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects	53
5278446290	conceit	ex. spill the beans, don't steal someone's thunder, dead as a doornail	54
5278491150	hyperbole	deliberate exaggeration	55
5278493436	hyperbole	ex. It was so cold I saw polar bears wearing jackets	56
5278507088	pedantic	describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish	57
5278507089	pedantic	ex. Sheldon from the Big Bang Theory	58
5342685401	anadiplosis	figure of repetition that occurs when the last word or terms in one sentence, clause, or phrase is/are repeated at or very near the beginning of the next sentence, clause, or phrase	59
5342698355	anadiplosis	Ex #2: "Kinetic energy is also known as the energy of motion. A vehicle's energy of motion doubles when its weight doubles. When a vehicle's weight doubles, it needs about twice the distance to stop."	60
5342738307	aphorism	a terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle	61
5342738308	aphorism	EX#1: "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it." EX#2: "If you always do what you always did, you will always get what you always got."	62
5342781038	invective	an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language	63
5342781039	invective	EX: In Henry IV, Part I, Prince Hal calls the large character of Falstaff "this sanguine coward, this bedpresser, this horseback breaker, this huge hill of flesh." Gross.	64
5342790673	litotes	a form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite. Think of this as the opposite of hyperbole.	65
5342790674	litotes	EX: "It isn't very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain"	66
5342800199	polysyndeton	a figure of addition and emphasis which intentionally employs a series of conjunctions (and, or, but, for, nor, so, yet) not normally found in successive words, phrases, or clauses; the deliberate and excessive use of conjunctions in successive words or clauses.	67
5342800200	polysyndeton	EX: "In years gone by, there were in every community men and women who spoke the language of duty and morality and loyalty and obligation."	68
5856646508	non sequitur	A logical fallacy (from the Latin that literally translates to "it does not follow") in which the author states a conclusion that doesn't follow from one or both premises.	69
5856661789	non sequitur	ex: I've lived in this town a long time - why, my grandfather was the first mayor - so I'm against putting fluoride in the drinking water.	70
5856674019	hasty generalization	A logical fallacy in which the author leaps to a generalization from inadequate or faulty evidence. The most familiar example is the stereotype.	71
5856689766	hasty generalization	EX: Men aren't sensitive enough to be day-care providers. EX: Women are too emotion to fight in combat.	72
5856706810	either/or reasoning -	A logical fallacy that assumes that a reality may be divided into only two parts or extremes; assuming that a given problem has only one of two possible solutions.	73
5856706811	either/or reasoning -	EX: What's to be done about the trade imbalance with Asia? Either we ban all Asian imports, or American industry will collapse.	74
5856721084	ad hominem -	A logical fallacy (from the Latin "to the man") in which the author attacks a person's views by attacking his or her character.	75
5856724128	ad hominem -	EX: Mayor Burns is divorced and estranged from his family. How can we listen to his pleas for a city nursing home?	76
5856739444	slippery slope	A logical fallacy in which a person asserts that some event must inevitably follow from another without any argument for the inevitability of the event in question. In most cases, there are a series of steps or gradations between one event and the one in question and no reason is given as to why the intervening steps or gradations will simply be bypassed.	77
5856739445	slippery slope	EX: "We've got to stop them from banning pornography. Once they start banning one form of literature, they will never stop. Next thing you know, they will be burning all the books!"	78
5856750766	straw man	A logical fallacy in which a person simply ignores a person's actual position and substitutes a distorted, exaggerated or misrepresented version of that position. This sort of "reasoning" is fallacious because attacking a distorted version of a position simply does not constitute an attack on the position itself. One might as well expect an attack on a poor drawing of a person to hurt the person.	79
5856750767	straw man	EX: "Senator Jones says that we should not fund the attack submarine program. I disagree entirely. I can't understand why he wants to leave us defenseless like that."	80
5967966783	apathetic	indifferent due to lack of energy or concern	81
5967966784	choleric	hot tempered	82
5967982930	indignant	marked by anger aroused by injustice	83
5967988405	patronizing	air of condescension	84
5967996804	sardonic	scornfully and bitterly sarcastic	85