(AP) Language Arts Flashcards

4585099417	alter-ego	character that is used by the author to speak the author's own thought; when an author speaks directly to the audience through a character	0
4790346225	antecedent	word, phrase, or clause referred y the pronoun	1
4790356097	classicism	art or literature characterized by a realistic view of people and the world; sticks to traditional themes and structures	2
4790360527	comic relief	when a humorous scene is inserted into a serious story, in order to lighten the mood somewhat	3
4790363236	diction	word choice, particularly as an element of style	4
4790368114	vernacular	language or dialect of a particular country, regional clan or group, of simple plain everyday speech	5
4790377143	didactic	term used to describe fiction, nonfiction or poetry that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking	6
4790384433	adage	folk saying with a lesson	7
4790385247	allegory	story, fictional, or non fictional, in which characters, things, and events represent qualities or concepts; meant to reveal an abstraction or a truth	8
4790389767	aphorism	terse statement which expresses a general truth or moral principle; can be a memorable summation of the author's point	9
4790393779	ellipsis	deliberate omission of a word or phrase from prose done for effect by the author	10
4790405260	ellipse	three dots that indicate words have been left out of a quotation; can also be used to create suspense	11
4790409437	euphemism	more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts; sometimes used for political correctness	12
4790416164	idiom	a common, often used expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally	13
4790418617	metaphor	making an implied comparison, not using "like", "as", or other such words	14
4790422284	metonymy	replacing an actual word or idea, with a related word or concept	15
4790426046	synecdoche	kind of metonymy when a whole is represented by naming one of its parts, or vice versa	16
4790428636	simile	using words such as "like" or "as" to make a direct comparison between two very different things	17
4790432647	synesthesia	description involving a "crossing of the senses"	18
4790433832	foreshadowing	when an author gives hints about what will occur later in the story	19
4790435250	genre	major category in which a literary work fits	20
4790436952	gothic	writing characterized by gloom, mystery, fear and/or death	21
4790441887	invective	a long, emotionally violent, attack using strong, abusive language	22
4790445113	irony	when the opposite of what you expect to happen does	23
4790447104	verbal irony	when you say something and mean the opposite/ something different	24
4790449671	dramatic irony	when the audience of a drama, play, movie, etc. knows something that the character doesn't an would be surprised to find out	25
4790453231	situational irony	found in the plot (or story line) of a book, story, or a movie; sometimes it makes you laugh because it's funny how it turned out	26
4790459299	mood	atmosphere created by the literature and accomplished through word choice ( diction)	27
4790463745	oxymoron	when apparently contradictory terms are grouped together and suggest a paradox	28
4790472938	colloquialism	characteristic of spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech	29
4790477219	figurative language/ figures of speech	language used to create a special effect or feeling; most commonly alliteration, hyperbole, metaphor, etc.	30
4790481514	motif	a usually recurring salient thematic element especially a dominant idea or central theme	31
4790485389	allusion	a reference that recalls another work, another time in history, another famous person, and so forth	32
4790487848	analogy	term that signifies a relational comparison of or similarity between two objects or ideas	33
4795197227	antithetical analogy	relationship comparison of two opposing ideas/ subjects	34
4795208277	denotation	the dictionary meaning of a word	35
4795219344	jargon	a pattern of speech and vocabulary associated with a particular group of people	36
4795223322	juxtaposition	making one idea more dramatic by placing it next to the opposite	37
4795227051	personification	giving human attributes to non-human things	38
4795229067	imagery	any time one of the five senses (visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory) is evoked by what you have read	39
4802013566	pacing	speed or tempo of an author's writing; point out where action/syntax begins to speed up, slow down, is interrupted, etc.	40
4802013567	paradox	Self-contradictory statement, the underlying meaning of which is revealed only by careful scrutinity	41
4818561026	active voice	any sentence with an active verb	42
4818563593	ad hominem	attack on the person rather than the issues at hand	43
4818565871	alliteration	repetition of a phonetic sound at the beginning of several words in a sentence	44
4818570787	anadiplosis	the last word of the clause begins the next clause	45
4818582130	apostrophe	prayer-like,this is a direct address to someone who is not present, to a deity or muse, or to some other power	46
4818588697	appositive	noun phrase, an appositive modifies the noun next to it	47
4818592906	argument from ignorance	argument stating that something i true because it has never been proven false	48
4818595895	asyndeton	deliberate omission of conjunctions from a series of related independent clauses	49
4818602887	begging the question	argument occurs when the speaker states a claim that includes word or phrase that needs to be defined before the argument can proceed	50
4818610196	complex sentence	sentence structure that is a combination of a dependent clause and an independent clause	51
4818614474	compound sentence	sentence structure made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction	52
4818617101	compound-complex sentence	combination of a compound and a complex sentence	53
4818618247	connotation	associations or moods that accompany a word	54
4818619914	declarative sentences	basic statement or an assertion and is the most common type of sentence	55
4818620676	dependent clause	clause contains a noun and a verb but is set up with a subordinate conjunction	56
4818623278	dialect	regional speech pattern; the way people talk in different parts of the world	57
4818624715	ellipsis	three dots that indicate that words have being left out; can create suspense	58
4818624716	epanalepsis	repeats the opening word or phrase at the end of the sentence to emphasize a statement or idea	59
4818626534	epistrophe	ending of a series of lines, phrases, clause, or sentences with the same word or words	60
4818626535	etymology	study of the origin of words and their historical uses	61
4818627628	euphenism	to use a safer or nicer word for something that others find inappropriate or unappealing	62
4818628858	false analogy	an argument using an inappropriate metaphor	63
4818628859	false dilemma	suggestion is made in the argument that the problem or debate only has two solutions	64
4818630444	gerund	verb ending in "ing" that serves as a noun	65
4818630445	hyperbole	an exaggeration	66
4818633874	imperative sentence	a command	67
4818634857	independent clause	clause that can stand alone as a sentence	68
4818634858	inductive	form of logical argumentation that requires the use of examples	69
4818636086	infinitive	the word "to" plus a verb, usually functioning as a noun and often as a predicate in a sentence	70
4818640358	loose sentence	independent clause followed by all sorts of debris, usually dependent clauses	71
4818641922	malapropism	word play in which one word is mistakenly substituted for another that sounds similar	72
4818644234	parallel syntax (parallelism)	pattern of language that creates a rhythm of petition often combined with some other language of repetition	73
4818645362	participle	a verbal (expressing action or state of being) that is used as an adjective and most often ends in -ing or -ed	74
4818646291	passive voice	something happens to someone	75
4818646332	periodic sentence	sentence with several dependent clauses that precede the independent clause	76
4818650941	poisoning the well	a person or character is introduced with language that suggests that he is not at all reliable before the listener/reader knows anything about him	77
4818650942	predicate	formal term for the verb that conveys the meaning or carries the action of the sentence	78
4818652383	predicate adjective	an adjective that follows a linking verb and modifies the subject of the sentence	79
4818653781	predicate nominate	a noun or pronoun that uses a linking verb to unite, describe, or rename the noun in the subject of the sentence	80
4818653782	red herring	an argument that distracts the reader by raising issues irrelevant to the case	81
4818655033	rhetorical question	question whose answer is assumed; designed to force the reader to respond in a predetermined manner	82
4818656308	rhetorical shift	occurs when the author of an essay significantly alters his or her diction, syntax, or both	83
4818656309	simple sentence	independent clause; has subject and a verb	84
4818658203	slippery lope	fallacy of argumentation argues that one thing inevitably leads to another	85
4818659188	straw man	occurs when a person engaging in an argument defines his opponent's position when the opponent is not present and defines it a matter that is easy to attack	86
4818660944	subordinate conjunction	conjunction that makes an independent clause into a dependent clause	87
4818660945	synthesis	to unite or synthesize a variety of sources to achieve a common end	88
4818662221	tricolon	sentence with three equally distinct and equally long parts(separated by commas rather than colons)	89
4818663799	zeugma	minor device in which two or more elements in a sentence are tied together by the same verb or noun	90
4819209933	anaphora	repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses, sentences, or lines	91
4819209934	ambiguity	statement with two or more meanings that may seem to exclude one another in the context	92
4819212017	anecdote	a usually short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or biographical incident	93
4819212018	concession	Accepting at least part or all of an apposing viewpoint; helps make stronger argument	94
4819212091	syllogism	Primary premise, leads to the second premise, and from those two you deduce a conclusion	95
4819213955	enthymeme	Speaker gives primary premise and assumes that the audience will supply the missing knowledge in order to reach the conclusion	96
4819213956	abstraction	an idea disassociated from any specific instance; expresses a quality apart from an object	97
4819213983	aesthetic	a guiding principle in matters of artistic beauty and taste; artistic sensibility	98
4819215501	ambiguos	a word, phrase, or sentence whose meaning can be interpreted in more than one way	99
4819215502	appositive assonance	the repetition of vowel sound but not consonant sounds	100
4819216989	atmosphere	mood or pervasive feeling insinuated by a literary work	101
4819219229	bildungsroman	this genre of literature denotes the story of a single individual's growth and development within the context of a defined social order	102
4819221998	cacophony	harsh, discordant sounds	103
4819221999	concrete	Identifies things perceived through the senses (touch, smell, sight, hearing, and taste), such as soft, stench, red, loud, or bitter	104
4819225907	elegiac	Tone; of, or relating to, or involving elegy or mourning or expressing sorrow for that which is irrecoverably past	105
4819226878	epigraph	a quotation set at the beginning of a literary work or one of it's divisions to suggest its theme	106
4819226879	euphony	Soothing pleasant sounds	107
4819229939	generalization	Idea or statement that emphasizes the general characteristics rather than the specific details of a subject	108
4819229940	idiolect	Own personal language, the words they choose and any other features that characterize their speech and writing	109
4819229941	idiomatic	Of or pertaining to, or confirming to, the mode of expression peculiar to a language; use of figures of speech	110
4819231201	inflection	Change of form that words undergo to mark such distinctions as those of case, gender, number, tense, person, mood, or voice	111
4819234833	picaresque novel	An episodic often autobiographical novel about a rogue or picaro ( a person of love status) wandering and living off his wits	112
4819236493	portmanteau	Combination of two or more words to make a new word	113
4819237524	rhetorical situation	The triangle created by the speaker/writer, the audience, and the occasion; affects what is said or written	114
4819238871	schemes	Figures of speech in which word order is altered from the usual or expected	115
4819238872	semantics	Study of the larger system of meaning created by words	116
4819240279	stream of consciousness	Technique that records the thoughts and feeling of a character without regard to logical argument or narrative sequence; reflects all the forces, internal and external, affecting the character's psyche at the moment	117
4819241454	symbol	A person, place, thing, or event used to represent something else	118
4819241455	tropes	Figures of speech in which meaning is altered from the usual or expected	119
4819242797	wit	Message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter	120
4822258791	Didactic	Tone; instructional, designed to teach an ethical, moral, or religious lesson	121
4822285444	Alter-ego	Character that is used by the author to speak the author's own thoughts	122
4822286629	Autecedent	Word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun	123
4822286630	Diction	Word choice	124
4822294382	Vernacular	Language or dialect of a particular country, regional clan or group; plain everyday speech	125
4822294383	Adage	A folk saying with a lesson	126
4822298477	Allegory	A story fictional or nonfictional, in which character, things, and events represent qualities or concepts	127
4822298478	Aphorism	Brief statement of an opinion or elemental truth	128
4822300160	Euphemism	More agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts	129
4822300161	Idiom	Common, often used expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally	130
4822300162	Metaphor	An implied comparison	131
4822301581	Metonymy	Replacing an actual word or idea, with a related word or concept	132
4822301582	Synecdoche	When a whole is represented by naming one of it's parts, or vice versa	133
4822301583	Simile	Using words such as "like" or "as" to make a direct comparison between two very different things	134
4822304734	Synesthesia	A description involving a "crossing of the senses"	135
4822304735	Invective	A long, emotionally violent, attack using strong, abusive language	136
4822306297	Irony	When the opposite of what you expect to happen does	137
4822306522	Verbal irony	When you day something and mean the opposite/something different	138
4822308133	Dramatic irony	When the audience knows something that the character doesn't	139
4822308134	Situational irony	Makes you laugh because it's funny how it turns out	140
4822308135	Mood	Atmosphere created by the literature and accomplished through word choice	141
4822309196	Oxymoron	Contradictory terms are grouped together and suggest a paradox	142
4822310628	Chiasmus	When the same words are used twice in succession but the second time the order changes ( ABBA )	143
4822310629	antithesis	Two opposite of contrasting words, phrases, or clauses, or even ideas, with parallel structure	144
4822312909	Onomatopoeia	The use of a word which imitates or suggest the sound that the thing makes	145
4822312953	Polysyndeton	When a writer creates a list of times which are all separated by conjunctions	146
4822314163	Pun	When a word that has two or more meanings is used in a humorous way	147
4822314233	Romanticism	Art or literature characterized by an idealistic, perhaps unrealistic view of people and the word, and an emphasis on nature	148
4822316170	Satire	Work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of life to a humorous effect; targets human vices and follies, or social institutions and conventions	149
4822316171	Appositive	a word or group of words placed besides a noun or noun substitute to supplement its meaning	150
4822319847	Clause	grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb	151
4822321055	Periodic sentence	when the main idea is not completed until the end of the sentence	152
4822322242	Syntax	grammatical arrangement of words	153
4822322243	Thesis	sentence or groups of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning or proposition	154
4822322316	Tone	writer's attitude towards his subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language and organization	155
4822323700	Litotes	particular form of understatement generated by denying the opposite of the statement which otherwise would be used	156
4822324654	Argument	piece of reasoning with one or more premises and a conclusion	157
4822324655	Premises	statements offered as reasons to support a conclusion	158
4822325974	Ethos	convinced by the credibility of the author	159
4822325975	Pathos	persuading by appealing to the reader's emotions	160
4822325976	Logos	persuading by the use of reasoning, using true premises and valid arguments	161
4822329507	Concession	accepting at least part or all of an opposing view; makes it seem like you are ready to see both sides of the argument which also makes your argument better at the same time	162
4822329508	Conditional statement	an if-then statement and consists of two parts, an antecedent and a consequent	163
4822330720	Contradiction	a contradiction occurs when one asserts two mutually exclusive propositions,	164
4822330721	Counter example	example that runs counter to (opposes) a generalization, thus falsifying it	165
4822332260	Deductive argument	an argument in which it is thought that the premises provide a guarantee of the truth of the conclusion	166
4822332261	Fallacy	attractive but unreliable piece of reasoning	167
4822334930	Appeal to emotion	attempt to replace a logical argument with an appeal to the audience's emotions	168
4822333838	Appeal to authority	because somebody famous has an idea, the idea must b right	169
4822333839	Appeal to the bandwagon	popularity	170
4822334931	Bad analogy	claiming that two situations are highly similar, when they arent	171
4822336166	Cliche thinking	using as evidence a well-known saying, as if it is proven or as if it has no exceptions	172
4822337321	Hasty generalization	a generalization based on too little or unrepresentative data	173
4822336167	False cause	assuming that because two things happen, the first one caused the other one	174
4822340406	Inductive argument	argument in which it is thought that the premises provide reasons supporting the probably truth of the conclusion	175
4822340407	Sound argument	true, valid argument	176
4822339358	Valid argument	argument is valid if the conclusion logically follows from the premises	177
4824308897	prepositional phrase	begins with a preposition and contains an object; function is to supply additional detail	178
4824313213	subordinate clause	contains a subject and a verb yet will not function as a complete thought	179
4824317599	adverb claude	clause the modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb	180
4824320071	noun clause	clause that functions as a subject, an appositive, a predicate noun, a direct object, an indirect object , or an object of a proposition	181
4824325089	elliptical clause	part of a clause that may be left out when its meaning can be clearly understood from the context of the sentence	182
4826060363	adjective clause	clause that modifies a noun or pronoun	183