Biochemistry Flashcards
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| 8217364215 | Carbohydrates | C / H / O | 0 | |
| 8217363179 | Smallest / Simplest form = | Sugar | 1 | |
| 8217365383 | Simple Sugar = | Monosaccharide | 2 | |
| 8217365836 | 2 Monosaccharide = | Disaccharide | 3 | |
| 8217366534 | Many disaccharides = | Polysaccharides | 4 | |
| 8217384503 | Glucose + Glucose (animals & plants) | Maltose + H2O | 5 | |
| 8217390225 | Glucose + Fructose (plants) | Sucrose (table sugar) | 6 | |
| 8217433188 | glucose + galactose (animals) | Lactose | 7 | |
| 8217436769 | Molecules -> larger bases | - Sugar -> starch / glycogen - Amino acids -> proteins - Fatty acids + glycerol -> fats / oils | 8 | |
| 8217442091 | Glucose for animals use (monosaccharide) (carbohydrate) | - Transport to cell in blood - Used in cellular respiration or converted to glycogen | 9 | |
| 8217442092 | Glucose for plants use (monosaccharide) (carbohydrate) | First product of photosynthesis | 10 | |
| 8217445113 | Galactose use for animals (monosaccharide) (carbohydrate) | Used in production of lactose (milk sugar) | 11 | |
| 8217445889 | Fructose use for plants (monosaccharide) (carbohydrate) | Product of cellular respiration / step in glucose breakdown | 12 | |
| 8217447726 | Lactose use for animals (disaccharide) (carbohydrate) | Produced as milk in mammary gland for young mammals | 13 | |
| 8217453402 | Sucrose use for plants (disaccharide) (carbohydrate) | - Produced in green leaves from glucose + fructose - Transported in vascular bundles | 14 | |
| 8217455343 | Maltose use for plants (disaccharide) (carbohydrate) | Breakdown product from hydrolysis of starch | 15 | |
| 8217463961 | Corner 1 and 4 on Glucose | Create H2O and bond to make maltose | 16 | |
| 8217475719 | Glycogen use for animals (polysaccharide) (carbohydrate) | Storage of carbohydrates from glucose in liver and other cells (not in brain) when glucose is not needed immediately for cellular respiration | 17 | |
| 8217477535 | Starch use for plants (polysaccharide) (carbohydrate) | storage of carbohydrates | 18 | |
| 8217478558 | Cellulose use for plants (polysaccharide) (carbohydrate) | main component of cell walls | 19 | |
| 8217489634 | Proteins | - Amino acids - Contain: N, S C, H, O - has peptides & polypeptides - shape defines function | 20 | |
| 8217493674 | Peptides (Protein) | less than 50 Amino Acids | 21 | |
| 8217493690 | Polypeptides (Protein) | from 50 - 1000 + Amino Acids | 22 | |
| 8217478638 | histone | helps dna stay in structure and stay organized, a protein | 23 | |
| 8217487595 | how many strands does dna have | 2 | 24 | |
| 8217487596 | how many strands does rna have | 1 | 25 | |
| 8217488768 | what sugar does dna have | deoxyribose | 26 | |
| 8217490015 | dna bases | A-T (2 H bonds ) G-C (3 H bonds) | 27 | |
| 8217499913 | watson and crick | Figured out structure of DNA was a double helix | 28 | |
| 8217501725 | rosalind franklin | watson and crick's idea couldn't have been done without rosalind's x-ray crystallography | 29 | |
| 8217491006 | rna bases | A-U (2 H bonds ) G-C (3 H bonds) | 30 | |
| 8217492002 | anti parallel | The opposite arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix. |  | 31 |
| 8217488769 | what sugar does rna have | ribose | 32 | |
| 8217479769 | nucleosome | when dna is packed/wrapped around 8 molecules of histone, most organized dna structure | 33 | |
| 8217473106 | function of dna | to maintain genetic instructions in all living creatures | 34 | |
| 8217474750 | nucleotide |  | 35 | |
| 8217514191 | lock and key model | substrate = key // enzyme = lock, both must fit perfectly for the lock to open | 36 | |
| 8217521354 | use of Protein | - structural support (hair, cartilage) - storage (muscles) - transport of other substances(hemoglobin) - intercellular signaling (insulin, nerves) - movement (muscles) - defense against foreign substances (antibodies) - enzymes which regulate metabolism (amylase) - membrane functions (plasma membranes) | 37 | |
| 8217525201 | Shapes of Protein | primary + primary = secondary secondary folds onto itself = tertiary 2 or more polypeptide (tertiary + tertiary) = quaternary |  | 38 |
| 8217517539 | limiting factors of all enzymes | temperature & pH | 39 | |
| 8217518554 | denaturing | when an enzyme looses it's shape and therefore it's function too | 40 | |
| 8217521682 | pH | a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, changes the shape or charge of a substance | 41 | |
| 8217522750 | optimum temp in our bodies | 37degrees celcius | 42 | |
| 8217526605 | pepsin (substrate, product,location) | substrate = breaks down proteins product = amino acid location = stomach pH = 2 | 43 | |
| 8217528544 | tripsin (substrate, product,location) | substrate = breaks down proteins product = amino acid location = gut | 44 | |
| 8217530416 | amylase (substrate, product,location) | substrate = breaks down carbohydrates product = maltose location = mouth and germinating seeds | 45 | |
| 8217533670 | maltase (substrate, product,location) | substrate = maltose product = glucose location = gut | 46 | |
| 8217536433 | lipase (substrate, product,location) | substrate = breaks down lipids/fats product = triglyceride location = gut | 47 | |
| 8217538165 | lactase (substrate, product,location) | substrate = breaks down lactose product = glucose + galactose location = gut | 48 | |
| 8217540066 | pectinase | substrate = breaks down cell walls of fruit (pectin) product = disaccharides location = industry | 49 | |
| 8217544614 | active site | where the reaction takes place | 50 | |
| 8217546200 | substrate | what the enzyme works on | 51 | |
| 8217549522 | temperature | bonds between molecules move faster but too high temp and the enzyme will denature | 52 | |
| 8217551492 | enzyme | a protein that functions as a biological catalyst | 53 | |
| 8217552631 | catalyst | substance that speeds up a reaction but isn't changed by the reacion | 54 | |
| 8217523335 | optimum temp in plants | 25 degrees celcius | 55 | |
| 8217519588 | optimum | "perfect", enzymes only work in optimum condition | 56 | |
| 8217511442 | Amino Acid |  | 57 | |
| 8217555128 | metabolic reactions | all chemical reactions that take place in an organism | 58 | |
| 8217686129 | Fats | - glycerol + fatty acids - H / C/ O - Oil / fats | 59 | |
| 8217687710 | 3 fatty acids joined together | triglyceride |  | 60 |
| 8217691184 | Fats use | - For storage of energy (underneath skin) - Make cell membrane - Insulation of heat | 61 | |
| 8217699695 | Protein use | - For building new cells / growth / repair - Hemoglobin - transport of oxygen in RBC - Enzymes - to carry out metabolic activity | 62 | |
| 8217699696 | Carbohydrate use | - For energy - taken in each cell as glucose (in blood to each cell) - Fructose - found in nectar (energy source for pollinators) - Maltose - For seed germination | 63 | |
| 8217721398 | Enzyme reaction (with its specific substrate) |  | 64 | |
| 8217840658 | de-natured | after the enzyme has reached optimal and the temp is too high | 65 | |
| 8217848390 | PH2 | stomach enzymes | 66 | |
| 8217849397 | PH8 | most enzymes | 67 | |
| 8217852964 | (enzyme) Fruit + Pectinase -> | Broken down cell walls of fruit | 68 | |
| 8217863396 | (enzyme) Lactose + Lacatase -> | Glucose + Galactose | 69 | |
| 8217868149 | (enzyme) Grease + Lipase -> | broken down fats | 70 | |
| 8217869661 | (enzyme) Protein + Trypsin -> | amino acids | 71 | |
| 8217879905 | (enzyme) Carbohydrate + Amylase -> | maltose | 72 | |
| 8223345142 | primary protein structure | different protein structures = peptide types of bonds = elongated chain of amino acids | 73 | |
| 8223348112 | secondary protein structure | different protein structures = polypeptides types of bonds = beta pleated sheets | 74 | |
| 8223351651 | tertiary protein structure | different protein structures = polypeptides types of bonds = alpha helix and beta pleated sheets | 75 | |
| 8223355277 | quartinary protein structure ex) enzymes | different protein structures = polypeptides types of bonds = a mix of tertiary structures | 76 | |
| 8223360765 | fat molecules |  | 77 | |
| 8223361704 | carbohydrate molecules |  | 78 | |
| 8223363001 | protein molecules | | 79 | |
| 8225444272 | dna function | to maintain the genetic instructions for all living organisms | 80 |