Princeton Review AP World History Chapter 7 Flashcards

9761112548	Rock and Pillar Edicts	laws written by Ashoka reminding Mauryans to live generous and righteous lives	0
9761112549	Arabic Numerals	A written number system created during the Gupta golden age in India, then adopted by the Islamic Empire before spreading further. Used throughout western civilization today.	1
9761112550	Han Dynasty	(202 BC - 220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; Han rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth; it was a time of prosperity	2
9761112551	Satrap	a provincial governor in the ancient Persian empire	3
9761112552	Delian league	An alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians	4
9761112553	Hellenism	Blending of Egyptian, Persian and Greek culture; emphasis on philosophy and sciences.	5
9761112554	Patricians	Powerful landowners who controlled Roman government and society	6
9761112555	Plebeians	Members of the lower class of Ancient Rome including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders	7
9761112556	Twelve Tables of Rome	codified Roman laws; included concept of "innocent until proven guilty"; the codification of Roman law during the republic	8
9761112557	First Triumvirate	60 BCE, unofficial coalition between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus	9
9761112558	Second Triumvirate	Octavius, Marc Antony, and Lepidus. Ocatvius took over and Republic was over. entered Pax Romana with Octavius.	10
9761112559	Paganism	Any of the polytheistic religions of the Greco-Roman world, an umbrella term for ancient Mediterranean religions other than Judaism and Christianity.	11
9761112560	Christianity	A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.	12
9761112561	Edict of Milan	Contract in 313 A.D. to stop the persecution of Christians	13
9761112562	Zoroastrianism	Persian religion founded by Zoroaster; taught that humans had the freedom to choose between right and wrong, and that goodness would triumph in the end	14
9761112563	Confucianism	A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.	15
9761112564	Daoism	Chinese philosophy based on the teachings of Laozi; taught that people should turn to nature and give up their worldly concerns. Also teaches a balance in everything.	16
9761112565	Polytheism	Believing in many gods	17
9761112566	Legalism	a Chinese philosophy that was devoted to strengthen and expand the state through increased agricultural work and military service	18
9761112567	Hinduism	A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms	19
9761112568	Buddhism	A religion based on the teachings of Buddha	20
9761112569	Judaism	Became a major religion in the world and influenced the development of Christianity and Islam. It was founded around 2000 BC. It was the first major monotheistic religion (belief in one God).	21
9761112570	Theravada	"the way of the Elders" - Prevalent form of Buddhism in Cambodia, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Sri Lanka, and Thailand; focuses on the earliest texts and emphasizes monastic lifestyle.	22
9761112571	Pax Romana	200 year period of peace in Rome	23
9761112572	Mahayana	"the Great Vehicle" - The largest of Buddhism's three divisions, prevalent in China, Japan and Korea, encompasses a variety of forms, including those that emphasize devotion and prayer to the Buddhas and bodhisattvas.	24
9761705314	Mauryan Empire	geographically extensive Iron Age historical power founded by Chandragupta Maurya which dominated ancient India between 322 BCE and 187 BCE.	25
9761729531	Ashoka Maurya	as an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE	26
9761735097	Chandra Gupta the Great	stretched across northern, central and parts of southern India between c. 320 and 550 CE. The period is noted for its achievements in the arts, architecture, sciences, religion, and philosoph	27
9761786440	Great Wall of China	series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups	28
9761809140	Qin Shi Huang	the founder of the Qin dynasty and was the first emperor of a unified China.	29
9761816857	Xiongnu	a confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Asian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD	30
9761823659	Wu Ti	the seventh emperor of the Han dynasty of China, ruling from 141-87 BC. His reign lasted 54 years	31
9761841957	Satrapies	governors of the provinces of the ancient Median and Achaemenid Empires	32
9761865985	Great Royal Road	ancient highway, part of the Silk Road and the Uttara Path built in ancient South Asia and Central Asia, reorganized and rebuilt by the Persian king Darius the Great	33
9761884594	Lydians	Iron Age kingdom of western Asia Minor located generally east of ancient Ionia in the modern western Turkish provinces of Uşak, Manisa and inland İzmir.	34
9761898561	phoenicians	ancient Semitic civilization that originated in the Eastern Mediterranean and in the west of the Fertile Crescent	35
9761908715	Hebrews	a member of an ancient people living in what is now Israel and Palestine	36
9761917739	Athens	capital of Greece. It was also at the heart of Ancient Greece, a powerful civilization and empire.	37
9761923903	Sparta	warrior society in ancient Greece that reached the height of its power after defeating rival city-state Athens in the Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)	38
9761936413	Persian Wars	a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire of Persia and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC.	39
9761946165	Pericles	prominent and influential Greek statesman, orator and general of Athens during the Golden Age — specifically the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars	40
9761957325	Socrates	Greek philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher, of the Western ethical tradition of thought	41
9761964166	Plato	philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world	42
9761970844	Aristotle	considered the "Father of Western Philosophy", which inherited almost its entire lexicon from his teachings, including problems and methods of inquiry	43
9761976991	Homer	ancient Greeks to the legendary author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems which are the central works of ancient Greek literature.	44
9761985045	Peloponnesian War	an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta	45
9761991870	Macedonians	are a regional and historical population group of ethnic Greeks, inhabiting or originating mainly from the Greek region of Macedonia	46
9762014845	Alexander the Great	an ancient Macedonian ruler and one of history's greatest military minds who—as King of Macedonia and Persia—established the largest empire the ancient world had ever seen	47
9762070911	Punic Wars	The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC. At the time, they were some of the largest wars that had ever taken place.	48
9762113231	octavius	Roman statesman and military leader who served as the first Emperor of the Roman Empire, controlling Imperial Rome from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.	49
9762170404	constantinople	the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine, and also of the brief Latin, and the later Ottoman empires	50
9762179420	constantine	Roman Emperor of Illyrian and Greek origin from 306 to 337 AD.	51
9762191458	diocletian	Roman emperor from 284 to 305. Born to a family of low status in Dalmatia, Diocletian rose through the ranks of the military to become Roman cavalry commander to the Emperor	52
9762214245	wang mang	courtesy name Jujun, was a Han Dynasty official who seized the throne from the Liu family and founded the Xin Dynasty, ruling 9-23 AD	53