AP Language Semester 1 Flashcards
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| 5948051095 | Sarcasm | Involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. -may use irony Ex: Well, this day was a total waste of makeup. | 0 | |
| 5948051096 | Parody | Work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect or ridicule. -repreats and borrows words -illuminates weaknesses in original Ex: "Will you Veda much bring me. coke please" imitates Indian accent | 1 | |
| 5948051097 | Periodic sentence | Sentence presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. -is preceded w/ a phrase that cannot stand alone -adds emphasis and structural variety Ex: in spite of heavy snow and cold temperatures, the game continued | 2 | |
| 5948051098 | Prose | One of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and non-fiction, including all its forms. -natural flow of speech Ex: "The poor are very great people. They can teach us so many beautiful things." | 3 | |
| 5948051099 | Rhetorical modes | 4 common modes- -exposition: explain and analyze info by presenting an idea -argumentation: prove validity of an idea -description: recreate, invent, or visually present a person, place, event -narration: to tell a story | 4 | |
| 5948051100 | Pedantic | Adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic or bookish. Ex: when someone makes a big deal of showering off his/her knowledge or is too concerned w/ literal accuracy or formality | 5 | |
| 5948051101 | Polysyndeton | Figure of addition and emphasis which intentionally employs a series of configurations. -effect of multiplicity, energetic enumeration, and building up Ex: "I wore a sweater, a hat, a pair of mittens and boots." | 6 | |
| 5948051102 | Litotes | Figure of thought when a point is affirmed by negating its opposite. -double negatives -understatement Ex: he's no fool (he is wise) Ex: not uncommon (frequent) | 7 | |
| 5948051103 | Chiasmus | Figure of speech in which 2 successive phrases or clauses are parallel in syntax, but reverse the order of the analogous words Ex: I went to the doctor five days ago. Yes I went to the hospital. | 8 | |
| 6027305196 | Sarcasm | Involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. -may use irony -can be witty and sinsightful Ex: Well, this day was a total waste of makeup | 9 | |
| 6027305197 | Imagery | Figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. Ex: He fumed and charged like an angry bull | 10 | |
| 6027305198 | Didactic | Has the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles. Ex: We should see the difference between the wise and the politic men in the world | 11 | |
| 6027305199 | Hyperbole | Figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or over statement. -produces irony (usually) Ex: I'm so hungry I could eat a bear. | 12 | |
| 6027305200 | Narrative | Telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. -usually 1st person -a story/anecdote Ex: Animal Farm | 13 | |
| 6027305201 | Figure of Speech | Device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Ex: apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, personification | 14 | |
| 6027305202 | Allegory | Using character/story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction along w/its literal meaning. Ex: Tortoise and the Hare-> strong and steady wins the race | 15 | |
| 6027305203 | Enumeratio | Figure of amplification in which a subject is divided into constituent parts or details and may include a listing of causes, effects, problems, solutions, conditions, and consequences. Ex: I I love her eyes, her hair, her checks, her lips. | 16 | |
| 6027305204 | Allusion | Direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known. -book, myth, etc. Ex: Achilles Heel-> figure in Greek mythology which refers to a persons weakness. | 17 | |
| 6027305205 | Apostrophe | Figure of speech that addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction jsuch as liberty or love. Ex: Ugh, cell phone, why won't you load? Ex: Oh, Starbucks, how I love you. | 18 | |
| 6027305206 | Expletive | Figure of emphasis in which a single word or short phrase, usually interrupting normal speech, is used to lend emphasis to words on either side of the expletive. Ex: In fact, Of course, Clearly | 19 | |
| 6027305207 | Figurative Language | Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid Ex: personification, simile | 20 | |
| 6027305208 | Denotation | The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion or color. Ex: dove-> type of pigeon | 21 | |
| 6027305209 | Inference | To draw reasonable conclusion from the information presented Ex: making an inference on a multiple choice question when you don't know the correct answer | 22 | |
| 6027305210 | Extended Metaphor | Developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout the work. Ex: I shall be telling this w/ a sigh someone ages and ages hence: two roads diverged in a wood, and I- I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference. | 23 | |
| 6027305211 | Diacope | Repetition of a word or phrase after an intervening word or phrase. Ex: We will do it, I tell you; we will do it. Ex: The horror! Oh, the horror! | 24 | |
| 6027305212 | Onomatopoeia | Natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. -figure of speech -expressive Ex: buzz, hiss, hum, crack | 25 | |
| 6027305213 | Homily | Can include any serious talk, speech or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. -literally means "sermon" | 26 | |
| 6027305214 | Metonymy | The name of one subject is substituted for that of another closely associated w/ it. -figure of speech -substituted term carries more potent emotional response Ex: news release claims "the White House declared" vs "the President declared" | 27 | |
| 6027305215 | Loose Sentence | Main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses -often seems informal, relaxed, conversational -creates loose style Ex: Florida is a great vacation spot for families, with Disney World and Universal Studios. | 28 | |
| 6027305216 | Aphorism | A terse statement of know authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. Ex: power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely. | 29 | |
| 6027305217 | Anaphora | The same expression is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines. Ex: To raise a healthy child takes teachers, it takes a family's it takes clergy. | 30 | |
| 6027305218 | Asyndeton | Consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clause s. Ex: We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship. | 31 | |
| 6027305219 | Juxtaposition | When 2 words, phrases, images, ideas, are placed close together or side by side for comparison or contrast. -rhetorical effect -to crate suspense Ex: beauty v and ugly Ex: calm and chais | 32 | |
| 6027305220 | Euphemism | A more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. -political correctness to add humor or irony Ex: saying "earthly remains" vs "corpse" Ex: "passed away" vs "dead" | 33 | |
| 6027305221 | Invective | An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attach using strong, abusive language. -denounces a person /topic -used in poetry and prose to reiterate significance of writer's emotions Ex: calling a person a chicken when they're scared. | 34 | |
| 6027305222 | Hypophora | Figure of reasoning in which one or more questions are asked and then answered -commonly used to ask a question at the beginning of a paragraph and then use the rest to answer the question | 35 | |
| 6027305223 | Paradox | Statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity. -contrary to expectations -makes readers rethink ideas Ex: Your enemy's friend is your enemy. Ex: I can resist anything but temptation. | 36 | |
| 6027305224 | Parallelism | Grammatical framing of words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs to give structural similarity. -organizing force to attract reader's attention -musical rhythm Ex: like father, like son Ex: Whether in class, at work, or at home, she was always busy. | 37 | |
| 6027305225 | Oxymoron | Author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. -figure of speech -often combination of an adjective proceeded by a noun w/ contrasting meanings Ex: cruel kindness Ex: living dead | 38 | |
| 6027305226 | Satire | Targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule. -devices-> irony, wit, caricature, hyperbole, understatement, sarcasm Ex: The Onion | 39 | |
| 6027305227 | Semantics | Branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and physchological development, their connotations, and their relations to one another. Ex: A toy block could be called a block, a cube, a toy. Ex: The word "run" has many meanings-physically running, depart or go, or even a snag in a pair of hose. | 40 | |
| 6027305228 | Syllogism | Deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to s sound conclusion -conclusion is valid only if each of the two premises is valid Ex: Major premise: All men are mortal. Minor premise: Socrates is a man. Conclusion: Therefore, Socrates is mortal. | 41 | |
| 6027305229 | Symbolism | Generally anything that represents itself and stands for something else. Something concrete-> object, action, character, or scene. -Natural symbols: objects and occurrences from nature to represent ideas commonly associated with them Ex: rose symbolizes love -Conventional symbols: been invested with meaning by a group Ex: religious symbols such as a cross -Literary symbols: found in variety of works and are generally recognized Ex: the whale in Moby Dick | 42 | |
| 6027305230 | Synecdoche | Type of metaphor when part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part. May also use larger groups to refer to smaller groups or vice versa. Ex: The phrase "gray beard" refers to an old man. Ex: The word "suits" refers to businessmen. | 43 | |
| 6027305231 | Transition | Word or phrase that links different ideas. Ex: similarity, on the contrary, likewise | 44 | |
| 6027305232 | Tone | Describes authors attitude toward his material, the audience, or both. Ex: businesslike, humorous , formal, sarcastic | 45 | |
| 6027305233 | Understatement | Ironic minimizing of fact. Presents something less significant than it is. -humorous and emphatic -opposite of hyperbole Ex: San Francisco earthquake interrupted business somewhat in the downtown area. | 46 | |
| 6027305234 | Undertone | Attitude that may lie under the ostensible tone of the piece. Under a cheery surface for example, a work may have threatening undertones. Ex: "The Chimney Sweeper" has a grim undertone. | 47 | |
| 6027305235 | Wit | Intellectually amazing language that surprises and delights. -humorous, while suggesting the speaker's verbal power in creating ingenious and perceptive remarks -terse language Ex: The Devils Dictionary | 48 | |
| 6027305236 | Alliteration | Repetition of sounds, especially initial consonance in tow or more neighboring words. -unifies dead -supply musical sound Ex: Peter piper picked a pickled pepper. | 49 | |
| 6027305237 | Ambiguity | Multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. Ex: Foreigners are hunting dogs - It is unclear whether dogs were being hunted or foreigners are being spoken of as dogs. | 50 | |
| 6027305238 | Antecedent | Word, phrase, or clause referred by a pronoun. Ex: My uncle likes candy. He eats them. | 51 | |
| 6027305239 | Antithesis | Figure of balance in which two contrasting ideas are intentionally juxtaposed. -creates definitive and systematic relationship between ideas Ex: Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee. | 52 | |
| 6027305240 | Asyndeton | Omitting conjunctions between words, phrases or clauses. Can give effect of unpremeditated mulitiplicity, of an extemporaneous rather than a labored account. Ex: They spent the day wondering, searching, thinking, understanding. Ex: On his return he received medals, honors, treasures, titles, fame. | 53 |