ap world history chapter 18 review Flashcards

7461648940	tobacco	a crop used in ceremonies by Amerindian's and smoked in a pipe. Europeans began to grow this crop on large plantations for consumption	0
7461688760	chartered companies	groups of private investors that pay a fee in exchange for a trade monopoly in the colonies	1
7461761966	Dutch West India Company	trading company that took over sugar producing plantations in Brazil, shipped slaves to Brazil, payed stock-holders dividends and used private enterprise	2
7461792558	sugar; African	expansion into the West Indies of the _________ plantation required more labor so there was a sharp increase in _____ slave trade	3
7461853428	tobacco, sugar	the economy changed from depending largely on __________ to________	4
7461855500	3	In Barbados the population of enslaved Africans was _x more than Europeans	5
7461895373	Barbados	most wealthy and populous colony of England's american colonies	6
7461908528	Barbados	____________ and other west Indian colonies surpassed Brazil as the world's principal source of sugar	7
7461921000	indentured servants	poor men who came to Americas and gained land by working off passage, free at end of service, cost half as much as African slaves	8
7461930370	sugar; African	Rising ___________ prices helped the West Indian sugar planters afford _________ slaves	9
7461938911	7	slaves typically lived for _ years after their arrival while indentured servants could be freed after 3-4 years	10
7461973363	France, England	_________ and ___________ expanded Caribbean holdings by attacking the Spanish (pirates and force)	11
7461986432	farm; factory	sugar production was hard work because it required a ________ and a ________ to refine it	12
7462006820	French; coffee,cacao	the ________ were more diverse than other countries because they produced _____ and ___________	13
7462035557	soil exhaustion, deforestation	______ ________ and ___________ were 2 environmental damages of sugar plantations	14
7462044470	grass gangs	children slaves did the easier work and were put into groups called "______ ________"	15
7462050518	90%	on most islands, _______% of the population was made up of slaves	16
7462052375	plantocracy	the rich men who owned the slaves and land	17
7462567533	men; women	_______ outnumbered _______ on plantations	18
7462575781	slave driver	a privileged male slave who made sure the gang completed their work	19
7462586564	eat	slaves worked sun-up to sun-down with a short break to __	20
7462605245	whipping	slaves had harsh punishment, typically ____________, for offenses such as malingering, illness or fatigue	21
7462633872	sundays	slaves were given________ off so they could take care of their own homes and families	22
7462638565	23	the life expectancy of a male slave was about __ years	23
7462642597	disease	most slaves died of ___________	24
7462651282	colonial; Christianity; Africa	In an attempt to curtail African traditions in the colonies, slaves had to learn __________ language, convert to _____________, and were mixed with slaves from other parts of __________	25
7462687418	manumission	granting or buying of freedom to an individual slave	26
7462717752	great whites, little whites, free blacks	the social hierarchy was made of 3 tiers: the ___________, the _________ and _________ ____________	27
7462739574	children	some slave women were freed if their master had _________ by them	28
7462743257	maroon	runaway slaves	29
7462746288	Jamaican	__________ maroons were the 1st to sign treaties with their overlords	30
7462772461	insurance	to reduce the risk of overseas trade, they purchased ____________-	31
7462778420	mercantilism	____________ promoted trade between a country and its colonies; it protects trade and the accumulation of gold and silver; colonies traded only with their mother country and force was used to secure exclusive relations	32
7462822093	capitalism	economic system of large financial institutions (banks, stocks exchanges, investment companies) that first developed in early modern Europe	33
7462838134	Navigation Acts	confined trade to English ships and cargos in British colonies	34
7462857386	Atlantic Circuit	the network of trade routes connecting Europe, Africa and the Americas that underlay the Atlantic system	35
7462867366	Middle Passage	the part of the Atlantic circuit involving the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas	36
7462882315	800,000, 7.5	over _________________ slaves were transported across the Atlantic and this number rose to _._ million slaves during the sugar boom	37
7462888949	disease	the principal cause of death in the Middle Passage was ___________	38
7462926510	guns, textiles	Africans that provided slaves to the Europeans received both ______ and ___________	39
7462935995	Dahomey	________ was most dependent on the slave trade of all the African colonies because they strengthened their military by firearms	40
7462950759	Bight of Biafra	most slaves were kidnapped from this area	41
7462957911	Angola	majority of slaves came from _________	42
7462957912	Africans	_________ were complicit in selling slaves to the traders	43
7462965541	soldiers, servants	Islamic slave trade was based upon 2 jobs : ________ or _________	44
7462987140	concubines	women slaves worked as either __________ or entertainers	45
7462989695	Shariya law	__________ ________ prohibited the enslavement of other Muslims, but this did not always hold true	46
7463015243	Sahara; smaller	Islamic slave trade south of the ________ was much ________ in volume that the European taking of slaves	47
7463024002	slave coast; large	areas closest to the _________ ________ lost the largest amount of people, but African population as a whole remained ___________	48
7463030442	foods	the bringing in of new ________ to Africa offset the loss of population --> bananas, coconuts, limes	49
7463040621	men; women	more _____ than ________ were traded into slavery	50
7463047421	Europeans	The ________ gained much more wealth from slave trade, vent though the trade had 2 sides	51