AP World History (1) Flashcards

6532096855	Paleolithic Age	the Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 B.C.E.; typified by use of evolving stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence.	0
6532096856	Homo sapiens sapiens	the species of humanity that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic.	1
6532096857	Neolithic Age	the New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished.	2
6532096858	Neolithic revolution	the succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, 8500-3500 B.C.E.	3
6532096859	Hunting and gathering	means of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization.	4
6532096860	Çatal Hüyük	early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification.	5
6532096861	Bronze Age	from 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing.	6
6532096862	Nomads	cattle- and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies.	7
6532096863	Shi Huangdi	first emperor of China; founder of Qin dynasty.	8
6532096864	Qin	dynasty (221-207 B.C.E.) founded at the end of the Warring States period.	9
6532096865	Han	dynasty succeeding the Qin ruled from 202 B.C.E. to 220 C.E.	10
6532096866	Zhou	originally a vassal family of the Shang; possibly Turkic-speaking in origin; overthrew Shang and established 2nd Chinese dynasty (1122-256 B.C.E.).	11
6532096867	Great Wall	Chinese defensive fortification built to keep out northern nomadic invaders; began during the reign of Shi Huangdi.	12
6532096868	Confucius	major Chinese philosopher born in 6th century B.C.E.; sayings collected in Analects; philosophy based on the need for restoration of social order through the role of superior men. stateless societies: societies of varying sizes organized through kinship and lacking the concentration of power found in centralized states.	13
6532096869	Ifriqiya	Roman name for present-day Tunisia.	14
6532096870	Maghrib	Arabic term for northwestern Africa.	15
6532096871	Almohadis	a later puritanical Islamic reform movement among the Berbers of northwest Africa; also built an empire reaching from the African savanna into Spain.	16
6532096872	juula	Malinke merchants who traded throughout the Mali Empire and west Africa.	17
6532096873	Sundiata	created a unified state that became the Mali empire; died in 1260.	18
6532096874	griots	professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisors to kings within the Mali Empire.	19
6532096875	Ibn Batuta	Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world.	20
6532096876	Timbuktu	Niger River port city of Mali; had a famous Muslim university.	21
6532096877	Songhay	successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao.	22
6532096878	Hausa	peoples of northern Nigeria, formed states following the demise of Songhay Empire that combined Muslim and pagan traditions.	23
6532096879	Muhammad the Great	extended the boundaries of Songhay in the mid-16th century.	24