AP World History Webb Chapter 10 Vocab Flashcards

993334344	Middle Ages	A postclassical period in Western Europe beginning with the fall of the Roman Empire and ending in the 15th century. Also known as Medieval Ages.	0
993334345	Vikings	Seagoing people from Scandinavia who frequently raided Western Europe.	1
993456624	Manorialism	The system of economic and social relationships between landlords and their peasant laborers. Every manor was very self-sufficient, so there was little trade.	2
993456625	serfs	Low-classed agricultural workers who received some protection in return for their goods. They made up a majority of the population on the manor.	3
993456626	three-field system	A method in which one third of the land is left unplanted each year to regain fertility.	4
993456628	Carolingians	A Frankish noble family that eventually took control of most of Western Europe.	5
993456629	Charles Martel	Charles the Hammer--He defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Tours in 732 and was the military leader of the Merovingian Franks.	6
993456630	Charlemagne	Charles the Great--He established an empire in France and Germany around 800. :forced conversion on non-Christians :tries to reestablish Rome :improved writing :divided empire into 3 among his grandsons	7
993456631	Holy Roman Emperors	A title derived from the combination of Christian and classical claims. Charlemagne was the first to claim this title, but it was used until the 19th century.	8
993456632	Feudalism	A political and military system where landowners maintain private armies. Greater lords provide protection for lower lords in exchange for military service.	9
993456633	vassals	One who received a land grant as well as protection from a higher lord in exchange for military service, goods, or payments.	10
993456634	William the Conqueror	Duke of Normandy-- Conquered England in 1066 in the Battle of Hastings.	11
993456635	Magna Carta	The Great Charter--A document King John was forced to sign that confirmed feudal rights against monarchical claims.	12
993456636	Parliaments	Governmental bodies that represented not individual voters but privileged groups such as nobles and the church. It is composed of the House of Lords (nobles, church) and House of Commons (representatives elected by the wealthy).	13
993456638	Hundred Years' War	A long battle between France and England. It was fought over territories the English king controlled in France and over feudal rights versus the emerging claims of national states.	14
993456639	Urban II	The pope who called for the first crusade in 1095. He convinces people of Western Europe by appealing to their piety and promising full forgiveness of sins for those who go.	15
993456640	Gregory VII	A great pope who attempted to purify the church by freeing it from the interference of feudal lords and the state.	16
993456641	Investiture	The practice of state appointments of bishops. Gregory VII disagreed with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, so it became a big controversy.	17
993456644	Gothic	A 11th century style used in a majority of Western Europe's cathedrals and other buildings following the use the of Romanesque style.	18
993456646	Guilds	Organizations that grouped people in the same profession in a single city. These groups provided mutual control and security and valued quality over profit. They also allowed workers to share materials and helped workers decide on pricing.	19
993456647	Black Death	A devastating plague that started in 1348 and killed millions of people.	20