ap Flashcards
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| 10040575130 | Nervous/Endocrine system | act together to coordinate functions of all body systems. | 0 | |
| 10040585819 | Nervous system | (1)Nerve impulses (2) faster responses, brief effects, acts on specific target. | 1 | |
| 10040600470 | Hormone | mediator molecule released in one part of the body but regulates activity of cells in other parts. | 2 | |
| 10040620546 | Hormone | (1)slower responses (2)effects last longer (3)broader influence | 3 | |
| 10040641730 | Endocrine Glands (2) | Exocrine-ducted Endocrine-ductless | 4 | |
| 10040654378 | Endocrine | secrete products into interstitial fluid, diffuse into blood. | 5 | |
| 10040673297 | Endocrine Glands | Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands. | 6 | |
| 10040699467 | what are not exclusively endocrine glands? | Thymus, pancreas, ovaries, and testes | 7 | |
| 10040719558 | Hormones | chemicals affect only specific target tissues with specific glycoprotein receptors | 8 | |
| 10040751139 | what are receptors that are constantly synthesized and broken down? | Up Regulation-increase in number of receptors Down Regulation-decrease in number of receptors | 9 | |
| 10040773525 | Up Regulation | if there's a significant reduction in producing a hormone, the body increases the number of receptors available to still take advantage of the hormone. | 10 | |
| 10040797486 | Down regulation | If the body is over producing a hormone, the receptors available drop in number to avoid any over reaction to the hormone. | 11 | |
| 10040816060 | Types of hormone(2) | (1)Circulating-circulate in blood throughout the body (2) Local hormone-act locally | 12 | |
| 10040830394 | Types of Local Hormones(2) | (1)Paracrine-act on neighboring cells (2)Autocrine-act on the same cell that secreted them | 13 | |
| 10040852993 | Lipid Soluble | Use transporter proteins (Steroid,Thyroid,Nitric Oxide-NO) | 14 | |
| 10040868154 | Water Soluble | Circulate in "free form" (Amine, peptide/protein/glycoprotein) | 15 | |
| 10040907719 | Responsiveness of target cells depends on? | (1)Hormones Concentration(higher concentration=more response)(2)abundance of target cell receptors(3)influence exerted by other hormones | 16 | |
| 10040955710 | Influence exerted by other hormones | (1)Permissive-Cortisol and Glucagon (2)Synergistic-ADH and Aldosterone (3)Antagonistic-Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitonin | 17 | |
| 10041019520 | Mechanisms of Hormone Action | Response depends on both hormone and target cell | 18 | |
| 10041025265 | Lipid-soluble | Hormones bind to receptors INSIDE target cell | 19 | |
| 10041034097 | Water-soluble | Hormones bind to receptors ON Plasma Membrane - Activates second messenger system | 20 | |
| 10041147238 | Action of water Soluble Hormones | -Hormone(1st messenger)binds to its receptor at the plasma membrane (cell membrane). -This hormone receptor complex turns on/activates G-protein -Activated G-protein turns on the enzyme Adenylate Cyclase -Activated Adenylate Cyclase converts ATP to CAMP (2nd messenger) -CAMP turns on a specific Protein Kinase, which will trigger responses in the target cell -In this mechanism the "G-Protein is the link between the 1st and 2nd messengers | 21 | |
| 10041269822 | Major link between nervous and endocrine system | Hypothalamus | 22 | |
| 10041297805 | Pituitary attached to hypothalamus by infundibulum (Anterior and Posterior) | (1)Anterior Pituitary or ADENOhypophysis (2)Posterior Pituitary or NEUROhypophysis -These two lobes are connected by "PARS INTERMEDIA" | 23 | |
| 10041336386 | ANTERIOR PITUITARY(1) | Release of hormones stimulated by releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus | 24 | |
| 10041366687 | ANTERIOR PITUITARY(2) | Hypothalamic hormones made by neurosecretory cells | 25 | |
| 10041386574 | Tropic Hormones | Anterior Pituitary hormones that act on other endocrine systems | 26 | |
| 10041456262 | Human Growth Hormone (hGH) | -Invovled in bone growth -activates IGF -STIMULATES SECRETION OF INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTORS THAT PROMOTE GROWTH, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS | 27 | |
| 10041537980 | Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | -STIMULATES SYNTHESIS -SECRETION OF THYROID HORMONES BY THYROID -IODINE UPTAKE BY THYROID HORMONE | 28 | |
| 10041563091 | Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | -OVARIES INITIATES DEVELOPMENT OF OOCYTES -SECRETION OF ESTROGENS -TESTES STIMULATES SPERM PRODUCTION | 29 | |
| 10041587216 | Luteinizing Hormone (LH) | -OVARIES STIMULATES OVULATION -ESTROGEN AND PROGESTRONE SECRETION -TESTES STIMULATES TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION | 30 | |
| 10041663122 | Prolactin (PRL) | STIMULATES MILK SECRETION BY MAMMARY GLANDS | 31 | |
| 10041695164 | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) | STIMULATES GLUCOCORTICOID SECRETION FROM ADRENAL CORTEX | 32 | |
| 10041721872 | Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) | Unknown role in Humans | 33 | |
| 10041731138 | Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary | (1)Human Growth Hormone(hGH) (2)Thyroid Stimulating Hormone(TSH) (3)Follicle Stimulation Hormone(FSH) (4)Luteinizing Hormone(LH) (5)Prolactin(PRL) (6)Adrenocorticotropic Hormone(ACTH) (7)Melanocyte Stimulation Hormone(MSH) | 34 | |
| 10041795255 | Posterior Pituitary | -Does not synthesize hormones -Stores and releases hormones made by the hypothalamus | 35 | |
| 10041821748 | Posterior Pituitary Hormones | Oxytocin (OT) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or Vasopressin | 36 | |
| 10041844892 | OXYTOCIN (OT) | -Target for Oxytocin (OT): (1)Breast-STIMULATES MILK EJECTION FROM MAMMARY GLANDS, STIMULATED BY THE SUCKLING OF INFANT AT THE BREAST (2)Uterus-ENHANCES SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION IN WALL OF UTERUS | 37 | |
| 10041915680 | Difference between Prolactin and Oxytocin? | -PROLACTIN-MAKES MILK -OXYTOCIN-EJECTS MILK | 38 | |
| 10041931677 | Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) | -MAKE CONCENTRATED URINE Decreases urine production by causing kidneys to return more water to the blood -INCREASE BLOOD PRESSURE BY SQUEEZING decreases water loss through sweating and constriction of arterioles which increase blood pressure | 39 | |
| 10041981112 | Thyroid Gland Location? | -on the trachea, inferior to larynx -2 lobes connected by isthmus | 40 | |
| 10042001303 | Thyroid Gland (2 Types) | (1)Thyroid Follicles (Follicular cells) Produce thyroid hormone (2)Parafollicular cells produce calcitonin | 41 | |
| 10042172685 | 2 important thyroid hormones | (1)T3-MUCH LESS IN BODY (2)T4-90% IN BODY | 42 | |
| 10042210112 | Both increase BMR, stimulate protein synthesis, increase use of glucose and fatty acids for ATP production | T3 AND T4 | 43 | |
| 10042257965 | CALCITONIN | TYPE OF HORMONE LOWERS CALCIUM | 44 | |
| 10042280652 | Parafollicular cells | -produce calcitonin -Lowers blood Ca2 by inhibition calcium reabsorbtion | 45 | |
| 10042312635 | Parathyroid Glands location? | Embedded in lobes of thyroid gland, usually 4 lobes | 46 | |
| 10042372134 | Parathyroid Gland made from? | Chief Cells and Oxyphill/Principle Cells | 47 | |
| 10042476108 | Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) from Principal/Chief Cell | -Major regulator of calcium(increases Ca2 in blood) and phosphate (decreases HPO4 in blood)ions in the blood. -Increases number and activity of osteoclasts (osteoclasts increases calcium) | 48 | |
| 10042580649 | Oxyphill cells function? | unknown function | 49 | |
| 10042615040 | Adrenal Glands: 2 Types | (1)Adrenal Cortex (2)Adrenal Medulla | 50 | |
| 10042662881 | Adrenal Gland: Adrenal Cortex(3 zones) | (1)Zona GLOMERULOSA (outer) (2)Zona FASCICULATA (middle) (3)Zona RETICULARIS (inner) | 51 | |
| 10043099491 | 3 ZONES: ZONA GLOMERULOSA (outer) | -MINERALOCORTICOIDS AFFECT MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS (ALDOSTERONE:INCREASES Na and H2O reabsorption, decreases K REABSORPTION SAME FUNCTION AS ADH) | 52 | |
| 10043118260 | 3 Zones: Zona FASCICULATA (middle) | -GLUCOCORTICOIDS AFFECT GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS - Cortisol(most popular), cortisone, corticosterone -PROMOTE FORMATION OF GLUCOSE,LYPOLYSIS,STRESS RESISTANCE, PROTEIN BREAKDOWN AND ANTI INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS | 53 | |
| 10043344306 | 3 Zones: Zona RETICULARIS (inner) | Androgens (gonadocorticoids: family of hormones made by Zona Reticularis) -Have minimal effects, responsible for puberty in both genders and a source of estrogens after menopause | 54 | |
| 10043498151 | Adrenal Medulla | -Modified sympathetic neurons (Chromaffin Cells) -Intensifies Sympathetic responses (Fight or Flight Response) -secretes both epinephrine and Norepinephrine | 55 | |
| 10043572590 | If a cut was made in the Adrenal Gland, what section would be cut first? | ZONA GLOMERULOSA | 56 | |
| 10043603576 | F CELLS | secrete PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE-regulate release of pancreatic digestive enzymes | 57 | |
| 10043698903 | Alpha/A cells | secrete GLUCAGON-RAISE bloodsugar | 58 | |
| 10043707690 | Beta or B cells | secrete insulin-Lower bloodsugar | 59 | |
| 10043714361 | Delta or D cells | secrete SOMATOSTATIN-INHIBIT glucagon and insulin | 60 | |
| 10043860843 | Pancreas | -Both endocrine and exocrine -Exocrine: 99% of cells produce digestive enzymes | 61 | |
| 10043988706 | Gonads Produce? | gametes and hormones | 62 | |
| 10043995339 | Ovaries produce? | estrogens and progesterone (in females) | 63 | |
| 10044021217 | inhibin | inhibits FSH | 64 | |
| 10044024084 | Relaxin | PRODUCED DURING PREGNANCY (also relaxes uterus in labor) | 65 | |
| 10044055259 | what hormones regulate menstrual cycle, maintain pregnancy, prepare mammary glands for lactation, maintain female secondary sex characteristics? | Estrogens and Progesterone | 66 | |
| 10044074822 | Testes produce? | Testosterone, which regulates sperm production and maintains male secondary sex characteristics. | 67 | |
| 10044096394 | what is involved with immunity? | thymus | 68 | |
| 10044104109 | Pineal gland location? | Attached to roof of third ventricle of brain at midline | 69 | |
| 10044116020 | Pineal Gland is made up of? | Masses of neuroglia and pinealocytes | 70 | |
| 10044121652 | Sleepy hormone? | Melatonin- AMINE HORMONE CONTRIBUTES TO SETTING BIOLOGICAL CLOCK (STIMULATES SLEEPINESS) (more Melatonin liberated during darkness than light) | 71 | |
| 10044136131 | Thymus and other endocrine tissues located?? | Behind sternum between the lungs | 72 | |
| 10044153043 | Thymus produces? | Thymosin, Thymic Factor (TF), and thymopoietin (all involved in T cell maturation) | 73 | |
| 10044168234 | Other tissues secreting hormones | Placenta, heart, and GI tract | 74 | |
| 10044183897 | Placenta Hormones? | estrogen and progesterone | 75 | |
| 10044190299 | HEART hormones | ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide): Opposition function to ADH and Aldosterone (these hormones combined are good for making diluted watery urine) | 76 | |
| 10044204569 | GI tract | enter endocrine cells secrete hormones to aid with digestion | 77 |