AP Psych- Personality Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 5353684079 | personality | a person's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting | 0 | |
| 5353691939 | Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalytic perspective | childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality | 1 | |
| 5353716183 | Humanistic perspective | self inner-capacities for growth and self-fulfillment | 2 | |
| 5353719014 | unconscious | according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories. Contemporary psychologists say its information processing of which we're unaware | 3 | |
| 5353727469 | free association | method of exploring unconscious in which person relates and says whatever comes to mind | 4 | |
| 5353734562 | psychoanalyst | someone who uses psychoanalysis; Freud | 5 | |
| 5353737060 | Freudian slip | how the unconscious reveals itself; saying something like "please don't give me any bills because I cannot swallow them," might say a patient w/ financial distress | 6 | |
| 5353746443 | jokes | expressions of repressed sexual and agrgessive tendencies | 7 | |
| 5353752996 | dreams | the royal road to the unconscious that have manifest and latent content's; how unconscious reveals itself | 8 | |
| 5353769792 | manifest content | remembered content of dreams | 9 | |
| 5353771857 | latent content | dreamer's unconscious wishes | 10 | |
| 5353771858 | id | contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives -----> pleasure principle with immediate gratification | 11 | |
| 5353781121 | ego | largely conscious "executive" part of personality; mediates demands of id, superego and reality. Operates on reality principle. Satisfies id's desires in realistic ways | 12 | |
| 5353799068 | superego | represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement; driven by guilt | 13 | |
| 5353805105 | psychosexual stages of development | Childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct | 14 | |
| 5353821337 | Oedipus complex | a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for rival father | 15 | |
| 5353838840 | Electra complex | for girls: inverse of Oedipus complex | 16 | |
| 5353841102 | identification | process by which children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos. | 17 | |
| 5353855173 | fixation | a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage in which conflicts were unresolved | 18 | |
| 5353865110 | defense mechanisms | tactics that reduce or redirect anxiety by distorting reality | 19 | |
| 5353867749 | repression | basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings and memories from consciousness; Freud's No. 1 defense mechanism | 20 | |
| 5353890699 | regression | psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage; (i.e. sucking thumb) | 21 | |
| 5353899419 | reaction formation | Ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings (when a young man who is gay acts macho so no one suspects he's gay) | 22 | |
| 5353911870 | projection | psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others (I don't like her, so I know she must not like me) | 23 | |
| 5353930473 | rationalization | defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions (explaining behavior without thinking) | 24 | |
| 5353955791 | displacement | defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person (If I'm angry at someone at school, I may yell at my sister instead) | 25 | |
| 5353981249 | denial | defense mechanism in which people refuse to believe painful events or perceive painful realities (i.e. my husband isn't dead) | 26 | |
| 5353994679 | neoFreudians (3) | Alfred Adler, Karen Horney and Carl Jung | 27 | |
| 5353996654 | Alfred Adler | this neo Freudian came up with the inferiority complex where people constantly think they're "not good enough" and birth order causes a constant comparison | 28 | |
| 5354045426 | Karen Horney | women do not have weak superegos. NO to penis envy | 29 | |
| 5354047616 | Carl Jung | Collective unconscious- a shared, inherited reservoir of memory from our species' history archetypes- typical example | 30 | |
| 5354051343 | projective tests | personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger protection of one's inner dynamics | 31 | |
| 5354079516 | thematic apperception test (TAT) | projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through stories they make up about ambiguous scenes | 32 | |
| 5354107695 | Rorschach Inkblot Test | most widely used projective test; a set of 10 inkblots that seeks to ID feelings by analyzing interpretations of blots | 33 | |
| 5354132653 | false consensus effect | tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors | 34 | |
| 5354141493 | humanistic perspective | strive for self-realization and self-determination | 35 | |
| 5354143653 | Maslow's hierarchy of needs | From high to low: Self actualization---->esteem----> belongingness and love----> safety and security ----> physiological needs | 36 | |
| 5354158625 | Carl Rogers and person-centered perspective | believed people are basically good; self actualization | 37 | |
| 5354161678 | genuine | open with their own feelings | 38 | |
| 5354163060 | unconditional positive regard | attitude of total acceptance towards another person | 39 | |
| 5354176995 | empathetic | sharing and mirroring our feelings and reflecting our meanings | 40 | |
| 5354179031 | self-concept | all thoughts and feelings about ourselves in order to answer the question "who am I?" | 41 | |
| 5354195029 | ideal self vs. actual self | how ideally we want to be vs. how we really are | 42 | |
| 5354201220 | Gordon Allport | father of trait perspective; describes traits | 43 | |
| 5354203595 | trait | a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assembled by self-report inventory and peer reports | 44 | |
| 5354213901 | objective tests | more valid; MBTI, MMPI are examples. Quantatative | 45 | |
| 5354252101 | Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) | 126 questions; taken by more than 2 million people a year; low scientific worth | 46 | |
| 5354256396 | factor analysis | statistical procedure to identify clusters of test items that tap basic components of intelligence | 47 | |
| 5354263429 | Sybil and Hans Eysenck | This couple believed we could reduce many of our individual variations to 2D or 3D |  | 48 |
| 5354275523 | personality inventory | a questionnaire (often with true/false) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to access personality traits | 49 | |
| 5354295231 | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) | most widely researched and used of all personality tests. Originally developed to ID emotional disorders (No. 1 use) now used for other purposes | 50 | |
| 5354299672 | empirically derived test | a test like MMPI, developed by testing a pool of items and selecting those that discriminate between groups | 51 | |
| 5354311721 | projective personality tests | qualitative, subjective, Rorschach Inkblot, measures unconscious, thematic apperception (TAT), less valid, psychodynamic | 52 | |
| 5354341788 | objective personality tests | scoreable, quantitative, objective, self-reporting, measures traits/temperment, MBTI (Myers Briggs), more valid, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) | 53 | |
| 5354374978 | Big five | Conscientious Agreeable Neurotic Open Extravert | 54 | |
| 5354378252 | conscientious | organized vs. disorganized careful vs. careless disciplined vs. impulsive | 55 | |
| 5354381253 | agreeable | soft-hearted vs. ruthless trusting vs. suspicious helpful vs. uncooperative | 56 | |
| 5354388868 | neurotic (vs. stable) | calm vs. anxious secure vs. insecure self-satisfied vs. self-pitying | 57 | |
| 5354391063 | open | imaginative vs. practical preference for variety vs. preference for routine independent vs. conforming | 58 | |
| 5354399643 | extravert (vs. introvert) | sociable vs. retiring fun-loving vs. sober affectionate vs. reserved | 59 | |
| 5354504230 | person-situation controversy | look for genuine personality traits that persist over time and across | 60 | |
| 5354507991 | Albert Bandura and social cognitive perspective | views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits (including their thinking) and their social context | 61 | |
| 5354532576 | reciprocal determinism | the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition and environment | 62 | |
| 5354538016 | reciprocal determinism and three ways individuals and environments intract | 1.) different people choose different environments 2.) our personalities shape how we interpret and react to events 3.) our personalities help create situations to which we react | 63 | |
| 5354559912 | personal control | the extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than perceiving happiness | 64 | |
| 5354562641 | external locus of control | perception that chance or outside forces beyond personal control determine fate | 65 | |
| 5354572783 | internal locus of control | perception that you control your own fate | 66 | |
| 5354582293 | Martin Seligman's research | Shock collars on dogs; dogs that could escape cowered, but those who couldn't learned helplessness | 67 | |
| 5354587365 | learned helplessness | hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learn when unable to avoid repeated events | 68 | |
| 5354592152 | pessimism | attribute poor performance to lack of ability (I can't do this) or beyond control (nothing I can do) | 69 | |
| 5354597522 | optimism | health benefits; can become excessive. Good thoughts and outlook | 70 | |
| 5354599705 | self efficacy | belief in ability to achieve | 71 | |
| 5354605282 | positive psychology | scientific study of human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive | 72 | |
| 5354612418 | critique of social-cognitive | our unconscious motives, emotions and passive traits shine through | 73 | |
| 5354617639 | self | assumed to be center of personality; organizer of all our thoughts, feelings and actions | 74 | |
| 5354627075 | spotlight effect | overestimating one's noticing and evaluating our appearance performance and blunders | 75 | |
| 5354631773 | self-serving bias | a readiness to perceive oneself favorably | 76 |