AP World History Foundations Flashcards

6360202488	During the Paleolithic Era, hunting and foraging peoples migrated from where to where?	They migrated from East Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas.	0
6360202489	What are some effects of settled agriculture?	~More reliable food source ~Impacted environment (cultivation, irrigation, domestic animals) ~Population increase ~Job specialization.	1
6360202490	Permanent Agricultural Villages (Neolithic Revolution)	~Mesopotamia ~Nile River Valley ~Sub-Saharan Africa ~Indus River Valley ~Yellow River Valley ~Papau New Guinea ~Andes ~Mesoamerica.	2
6360202491	Improvements in Agricultural Production, Tarde, and Transportation (Neolithic Revolution)	Pottery, plows, woven textiles, metallurgy, wheels and wheeled vehicles	3
6360202492	Civilization	Large societies with cities and powerful states.	4
6360202493	Characteristics of all Civilizations	~Produced agricultural surpluses (specialization of labor) ~Complex political, social and religious hierarchies ~Economic exchanges and trade	5
6360202494	Core and Foundational Civilizations	~Mesopotamia (Tigris & Euphrates Valleys) ~Egypt (Nile River Valley) ~Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa (Indus River Valley) ~Shang (Yellow River Valley) ~Olmecs (Mesoamerica) -Chavin (Andean South America)	6
6360202496	Who had the first access to iron?	Hittites	7
6360202497	Who were often developers of new weapons and modes and transportation?	Pastoralists	8
6360202498	New Weapons and Modes of Transportation (First Civilizations)	~Composite bows and iron weapons ~Chariots and horseback riding	9
6360202499	Monumental Architecture and Urban Planning (First Civilizations)	~Ziggurats ~Pyramids ~Temples ~Defensive Walls ~Streets and Roads ~Sewage and Water Systems	10
6360386196	Record Keeping	~Cuneiform ~Hieroglyphics ~Pictographs ~Alphabets ~Quipu	11
6360386197	Legal Codes (First Civilizations)	~Reflected existing hierarchies ~Code of Hammurabi ~Code of Ur-Nammu	12
6360386198	New Religious Beliefs (First Civilizations)	~Vedic Religion ~Hebrew Monotheism ~Zoroastrianism	13
6360386199	Development of Interregional Trade	~Egypt and Nubia ~Egypt and Mesopotamia ~Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley	14
6360386200	Judaism	~Developed with the codification of Hebrew Scriptures ~Reflected Mesopotamian influence ~Assyrian, Roman, and Babylonian empires conquered various Jewish states (contributed to growth of Jewish Diasporic communities)	15
6360386201	Buddhism	~Reaction to Vedic beliefs and rituals ~Core beliefs about desire, suffering, and search for Enlightenment ~Supported by Mauryan Emperor Ashoka ~Spread by missionaries and merchants	16
6360386202	Confucianism	~Originated through writings and lessons on Confucius ~Stressed social harmony and relationships between people and rulers	17
6360386203	Daoism	~Stressed balance between humans and nature	18
6360386204	Influence of Daoism on the Development of Chinese Culture	~Medical Theories and Practices ~Poetry ~Metallurgy ~Architecture	19
6360386205	Christianity	~Core beliefs about the teachings of Jesus ~Supported by Emperor Constantine ~Spread by missionaries and merchants throughout Afro-Eurasia	20
6360386206	Greco-Roman Philosophy and Science	~Emphasized logic, observation, and the nature of political power	21
6360386207	Art and Architecture	~Hindu Art and Architecture ~Buddhist Art and Architecture ~Christian Art and Architecture ~Greco-Roman Art and Architecture	22
6360386208	Effects of Belief Systems	~Reinforced existing social structures ~Offered new role and status to some men and women	23
6360386209	State	~Powerful new systems of rule that mobilized surplus labor and resources over large areas ~Competed for land and resources ~Developed policies to govern relationships with diverse populations	24
6360495425	Key States and Empires	~Southwest Asia: Persian Empires ~East Asia: Qin and Han Empires ~South Asia: Maurya and Gupta Empires ~Mediterranean Region: Phoenicia & colonies, Greek City-States & colonies, Hellenistic & Roman Empires ~Mesoamerica: Teotihuacán, Maya City-States ~Andean South America: Moche ~North America: from Chaco to Cahokia	25
6360495426	Persian Empires	~Archaemenid ~Parthian ~Sassanid	26
6360495427	Administrative Institutions	~To organize subjects ~Centralized governments ~Legal systems and bureaucracies	27
6360495428	Regions where Rulers Created Administrative Institutions	~China ~Rome ~Persia ~South Asia	28
6360495429	Techniques to Promote Trade and Military Power	~Issuing currencies ~Diplomacy ~Developing supply lines ~Building fortifications ~Defensive walls and roads ~New groups of military officers and soldiers from local population or conquered peoples	29
6360495430	Imperial Cities	Centers of trade, public performance of religious rituals, and political administration	30
6360495431	Cities	~Persepolis ~Chang'an ~Pataliputra ~Athens ~Carthage ~Rome ~Alexandria ~Constantinople ~Teotihuacán	31
6360495432	Methods to Maintain Food Production and Provide Rewards for Elites	~Corvée ~Slavery ~Rents and Tributes ~Peasant Communities ~Family and Household Production	32
6360495433	External Problems Along Fronteirs	~Between Han China and Xiongnu ~Between the Gupta and White Huns ~Between the Romans and their northern and eastern neighbors	33
6361413395	Transregional Trade Networks	~Eurasian Silk Roads ~Trans-Saharan Caravan Routes ~Indian Ocean Sea Lanes ~Mediterranean Sea Lanes	34
6361413396	Innovations in Maritime Technologies	~Advanced knowledge of monsoon winds ~Exchanges from East Africa to East Asia	35
6361413397	New Technologies for Long Distance Trade	~Use of domestic pack animals to transport goods across longer routes	36
6361413398	Changes in Farming and Irrigation Techniques	~Qanat System ~Variety of water wheels (noria, sakia) ~Improved wells and pumps (shaduf)	37
6361413399	Effects of the Spread of Disease on Empires	~Effects of disease on Roman Empire ~Effects of disease on Chinese Empires	38