AP World History Vocab Flashcards

2464000561	Venus Figurines	paleolithic carvings of the female form, often with exaggerated features	0
2464000562	Trance Dance	In San culture, a nightlong ritual held to activate a human being's inner spiritual potency (n/um) to counteract the evil influences of gods and ancestors.	1
2464000563	Shaman	In many early societies, the belief that a person could act like a bridge between living humans and supernatural forces.	2
2464000564	San, or Jo/'hoansi	a paleolithic people still living on the northern fringe of the Kalahari desert in southern Africa.	3
2464000565	Paleolithic "settling down"	The process by which some paleolithic peoples moved toward permanent settlement after the last ice age. Growing inequalities in society.	4
2464000566	Paleolithic rock art	A term used to describe the paleolithic paintings that usually depict a range of animals.	5
2464000567	Paleolithic	"Old Stone Age"; the term used to describe early homo sapiens in the period before the development of agriculture.	6
2464000568	"the original affluent society"	term invented by Marshall Sahlins in 1972 to describe Paleolithic societies	7
2464000569	n/um	among the San, a spiritual power that protects humans from bad forces of gods and ancestors.	8
2464000570	Neanderthals	a European version of Homo sapiens that died out about 25,000 years ago.	9
2464000571	megafaunal extinction (faunal =the animals of a given region considered as a whole)	The dying out of a large number of species at the end of the ice age	10
2464000572	Jomon Culture	A settled paleolithic culture of prehistoric Japan. Created some of the world's earliest pottery.	11
2464000573	"insulting the meat"	In San culture, a practice done to deflate pride. Expectation that a successful hunter would criticize his own kill.	12
2464000574	Ice Age	Cold periods in the world's history. The last Ice Age was around 20,000 years ago.	13
2464000575	"human revolution"	the term used to describe the transition of humans from acting out of biological importance to culture.	14
2464000576	Hadza	A people of Northern Tanzania, almost the last surviving Paleolithic society.	15
2464000577	Great Goddess	According to one theory, a dominant deity of the Paleolithic society.	16
2464000578	"gathering and hunting peoples"	People who live by collecting food rather than producing it.	17
2464000579	Flores man	a recently discovered hominid species of Indonesia	18
2464000580	Dreamtime	A worldview of Australia's Aboriginal people that said that current humans live in a echo of ancestral happenings.	19
2464000581	Clovis culture	The earliest widespread and distinctive culture of North America.	20
2464000582	Chumash culture	Paleolithic culture of southern California that survived until the modern era	21
2464000583	Brotherhood of the Tomol	A craftsmen group that had total control of building and ownership of large canoes or tomols among the Chumash people	22
2464000584	austronesian migrations	The last phase of the great human migration that made human presence in every livable region of the earth.	23
2464000585	teosinte	the wild ancestor of maize	24
2464000586	stateless societies	village based agricultural societies. Functioned without a formal government.	25
2464000587	"secondary products revolution"	Term used to describe series of technological changes that occurred around 4000 BCE	26
2464000588	pastoral society	A human society that relies on domesticated animals rather than plants as the main source of food.	27
2464000589	native Australians	The natives of Australia who continued to gather and hunt for food despite the transition to agriculture in nearby places	28
2464000590	Mesopotamia	Valley of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in present day Iraq.	29
2464000591	Jericho	An important early agricultural settlement in present day Israel.	30
2464000592	intensification	the process of getting more in return for less.	31
2464000593	horticulture	hoe based agriculture	32
2464000594	Fertile Crescent	Region sometimes known as southwest Asia that was the earliest home to agriculture.	33
2464000595	end of the last Ice Age	A process of global warming that started 16,000 years ago and ended 5,000 years later. Resulted in weather similar to the present. Lead to growing population and helped start agriculrure.	34
2464000596	domestication	The taming of nature to benefit humans.	35
2464000597	diffusion	the spread of agricultural techniques without a lot of population movement.	36
2464000598	chiefdom	a grouping governed by a chief who relies on generosity rather than force for obedience from the people.	37
2464000599	Catalhuyuk	An important Neolithic site in what is now Turkey.	38
2464000600	Cahokia	An agricultural chiefdom, dominant center of an important Mississippi valley mound-building culture	39
2464000601	broad spectrum diet	Term for the diet of gathering and hunting societies, which included many plants and animals.	40
2464000602	bantu migration	The spread of Bantu speaking people from their homeland which is now Southern Nigeria.	41
2464000603	Bantu	An african language family whose speakers gradually became the dominant culture of South and east Africa.	42
2464000604	Banpo	A Chinese archeological site where Neolithic village remnants were found.	43
2464000605	Austronesian	An Asian language family that became dominant in the Philippines, Indonesia, and the Pacific Islands	44
2464000606	Agricultural Revolution	The transformation of human existence caused by the breeding of certain animals and taming of some plants.	45
2464000607	Zhou Dynasty	Period of Chinese history from 1122 to 256 BCE	46
2464000608	Xia Dynasty	A legendary series of monarchs of early China, traditionally dated to 2200 to 1766 BCE.	47
2464000609	Uruk	The largest city of ancient Mesopotamia.	48
2464000610	Teotihuacan	The largest city of ancient Mesoamerica	49
2464000611	Son of Heaven	Title of the ruler of China, first known from the Zhou Dynasty.	50
2464000612	Shang dynasty	period of Chinese history from 1766 to 1122 BCE.	51
2464000613	Sanxingdui	An ancient city of China that independently developed from the Shang dynasty.	52
2464000614	salinization	The build up of minerals in soil, decreasing its fertility.	53
2464000615	rise of the state	a process of centralization that took place in the First Civilizations.	54
2464000616	quipu	a series of knotted cords used as a form of accounting and maybe writing in the Norte Chico civiliztion	55
2464000617	Phoenicians	a civilization in present day Lebanon, creators of the first alphabetic writing system.	56
2464000618	Pharaoh	a king of Egypt. Used in reference to all ancient Egyptian rulers.	57
2464000619	patriarchy	"rule of the father", a social system of male dominance	58
2464000620	oracle bones	In Chinese civilization, animal bones that were heated then cracked and interpreted as prophecies. Prophecies were written on the bone.	59
2464000621	Olmec civilization	An early civilization that developed along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico around 1200 BCE.	60
2464000622	Nubia	A civilization to the South of Egypt in the Nile valley, known for the development of the alphabetic writing system.	61
2464000623	Norte Chico/Caral	a region along the central coast of Peru.	62
2464000624	Mohenjo Daro	A major city in the Indus Valley civilization	63
2464000625	Minoan Civilization	An advanced civilization that developed on the island of Crete.	64
2464000626	Mesopatamia	"the land between the rivers" Tigris and Euphrates in what is now Iraq.	65
2464000627	Mandate of heaven	The belief of Chinese emperors that stated that a ruler held authority by command of a divine force as long as her ruled morally and benevolently.	66
2464000628	Indus Valley	Home of a major civilization that emerged in what is now Pakistan. Noted for the sameness of its elaborately planned cities over a large territory.	67
2464000629	Hyksos	A pastoral group of unknown ethnicity that invaded Egypt and ruled in the North.	68
2464000630	Hittites	An Indo-European civilization in Anatolia in the 18th century.	69
2464000631	hieroglyphs	"sacred carvings";Ancient Egyptian writing system	70
2464000632	Hebrews	A smaller early civilization whose faith in one god provided the foundation for many religions.	71
2464000633	Hatshepsut	Ancient Egypt's most famous queen.	72
2464000634	Harappa	A major city of the Indus valley civilization	73
2464000635	Epic of Gilgamesh	The most famous literary work from Ancient Mesopotamia, tells the story of a mans quest for immortality.	74
2464000636	Egypt:"the gift of the Nile"	Often known as this because Egypt would not have been able to support the big population without the annual flooding of the Nile that made agriculture possible.	75
2464000637	cuneiform	wedge shaped writing in the form of symbols used in Mesopotamia	76
2464000638	cradle of civilization	Commonly used term for southern Mesopotamia.	77
2464000639	Code of Hammurabi	A series of laws publicized by King Hammurabi of Babylon.	78
2464000640	Yellow Turban Rebellion	Major Chinese peasant revolt that helped cause the fall of the Han dynasty	79
2464000641	Xiongnu	Nomadic peoples to the north of the great wall of china who were a frequent threat to the Chinese state	80
2464000642	Wudi	Han emperor who started the Chinese civil service system by starting an academy to train imperial bureaucrats	81
2464000643	Solon	Athenian statesman and lawmaker whose reforms led the Athenians toward democracy	82
2464000644	Qin Shihuangdi	"first emperor from the Qin", forcibly reunited China and established a strong state.	83
2464000645	Qin Dynasty	A short lived but highly influential dynasty that succeeded in reuniting China.	84
2464000646	plebeians	Poorer, less privileged Romans who gradually won a role in Roman politics.	85
2464000647	Persian Empire	A major empire that expanded in the Middle East.	86
2464000648	Persopolis	The capital of the persian empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great.	87
2464000649	Peloponnesian War	Great war between Athens and Sparta in which Athens was defeated.	88
2464000650	Pax Romana	The "roman peace". A term used to denote the prosperity and stability of the early Roman empire	89
2464000651	patricians	wealthy,privileged Romans that dominated early Roman society.	90
2464000652	Olympic Games	Greek religious festival and athletic competition in honor of Zeus played every 4 years.	91
2464000653	Mauryan Empire	A major empire that included most of India.	92
2464000654	Marathon, Battle of	Athenian victory over a Persian invasion.	93
2464000655	Mandate of Heaven	A belief among Chinese emperors that they would continue to rule as long as they did so benevolently and morally.	94
2464000656	Ionia	A territory of Greek settlements on the coast of Anatolia.	95
2464000657	hoplite	a heavily armed Greek infantryman (foot soldier).	96
2464000658	Herodotus	Greek historian known as the "father of history".	97
2464000659	Hellenistic Era	A period in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia.	98
2464000660	Han Dynasty	A dynasty that ruled from 206 BCE to 220 CE	99
2464000661	Gupta Empire	An empire of India	100
2464000662	Greco-Persian Wars	Two major wars in which the Persians were defeated both over land and water.	101
2464000663	Darius I	Great king of Persia, completed the establishment of the Persian Empire	102
2464000664	Cyrus (the Great)	Founder of the Persian Empire	103
2464000665	Caesar Augustus	The adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman State at the end of the civil war.	104
2464000666	Athenian Democracy	A radical form of direct democracy.	105
2464000667	Ashoka	The most famous ruler of the Mauryan Empire	106
2464000668	Aryans	Indo-European pastoralists who moved into India about the time of the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization.	107
2464000669	Alexander the Great	Conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India	108
2464000670	Ahura Mazda	In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world.	109
2464000671	Socrates	the first great greek philosopher	110
2464000672	Siddhartha Guatama (the Buddha)	An Indian prince turned ascetic who founded Buddhism.	111
2464000673	Saint Paul	the first great popularizer of Christianity	112
2464000674	Pythagoras	a major greek philosopher and mathematician who created the Pythagorean theorem.	113
2464000675	plato	A student of Socrates who conveyed the teachings of his master and developed them further to create his own philosophies.	114
2464000676	nirvana	the end goal of buddhism	115
2464000677	moksha	in hindu belief, freedom from separate existence and union with Brahma	116
2464000678	Mahayana	"great vehicle" - the development of buddhism in early centuries of common era	117
2464000679	legalism	a Chinese philosophy with clear laws and aggressive punishments.	118
2464000680	laozi	The founder of Daoism	119
2464000681	Karma	in hinduism, the determining factor of which level an individual will be reincarnated in to their next life.	120
2464000682	judaism	the monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews.	121
2464000683	Jesus of Nazareth	The God of Christianity	122
2464000684	Isaiah	One of the most important prophets of Judaism.	123
2464000685	Hippocrates	a very influential greek medical theorist	124
2464000686	Hinduism	A word that describes the vast diversity of native Indian religious traditions.	125
2464000687	Greek rationalism	A secularizing system of scientific and philosophical thought.	126
2464000688	filial piety	the honoring of one's parents and ancestors, a key element in Confucianism.	127
2464000689	Daoism	a popular Chinese religion that promotes simplicity.	128
2464000690	Daodejing	The central text of Daoism.	129
2464000691	Constantine	A Roman Emperor whose conversion to Christianity resulted in the triumph of Christianity in Rome.	130
2464000692	Confucius (Kong Fuzi)	The founder of Confucianism	131
2464000693	Confucianism	The Chinese philosophy first introduced by Confucius.	132
2464000694	Buddhism	The religious tradition first enunciated by Siddhartha Gautama	133
2464000695	Brahmins	the priestly caste of India	134
2464000696	Brahman	The final reality in Hindu belief	135
2464000697	Bhakti movement	In Hinduism, advocates intense devotion toward a particular deity.	136
2464000698	Bhagavad Gita	a great Hindu epic text	137
2464000699	Ban Zhao	A major female Confucian author of Han Dynasty China.	138
2464000700	atman	the human soul	139
2464000701	Aristotle	A Greek polymath philosopher	140
2464000702	Angra Mainyu	In Zoroastrianism, the evil god.	141
2464000703	Ahura Mazda	In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world.	142
2464000704	Wu, Empress	The only female empress in Chinese history.	143
2464000705	Wang Mang	A Han court official who forcefully took the throne.	144
2464000706	Vaisya	The Indian social caste of farmers and merchants.	145
2464000707	Untouchables	A class beneath the Sudras that did all the dirty work.	146
2464000708	the "three obediences"	Woman is under permanent control of first father, husband, then son in Chinese Confucianism.	147
2464000709	Sudra	The lowest Indian social class of varna.	148
2464000710	Spartacus	A Roman gladiator who led the most serious slave revolt in Roman history.	149
2464000711	scholar-gentry class	A term used to describe China's landowning families.	150
2464000712	"ritual purity" in Indian social practice	In India, the idea that members of higher castes should refrain from association with those of lower classes to maintain their own caste standing.	151
2464000713	Pericles	An influential statesman of Ancient Athens.	152
2464000714	latifundia	Huge estates operated by slave labor in the Roman empire	153
2464000715	Ksatriya	The Indian social class of warriors and rulers	154
2464000716	Helots	The semi-enslaved class of Ancient Sparta.	155
2464000717	Greek and Roman Slavery	Slaves were captive from war and piracy.	156
2464000718	dharma	The Indian belief, performance of duties appropriate to social class	157
2464000719	caste as varna and jati	The system of social organization in India	158
2464000720	Aspasia	A foreign woman resident in Athens.	159
2464000721	Tikal	Major Maya city	160
2464000722	Semi-sedentary	term used to describe peoples of eastern woodlands who combined partial reliance on agriculture with gathering and hunting	161
2464000723	pueblo	Great house of the ancestral pueblo people	162
2464000724	Niger Valley Civilization	distinctive city-based civilization in middle Niger	163
2464000725	Nazca	civilization of southern coastal Peru	164
2464000726	Mound Builders	Members of any of a number of cultures that developed east of the Mississippi River	165
2464000727	Moche	an important regional civilization of Peru	166
2464000728	Meroe	city of southern Nubia	167
2464000729	Maya	major classical civilization of Mesoamerica	168
2464000730	Jenne-jeno	largest of the cities of the Niger Valley civilization	169
2464000731	Hopewell culture	most widespread North American mound-building culture	170
2464000732	Ezana	King of Axum, established Christianity	171
2464000733	Coptic Christianity	The Egyptian variety of Christianity	172
2464000734	Chavin	Andean town that was the center of a large Peruvian religious movement	173
2464000735	Chaco Phenomenon	major process of settlement that occurred among the peoples of Chaco canyon	174
2464000736	Batwa	forest-dwelling people of Central Africa	175
2464000737	Bantu expansion	Bantu-speaking migration from homeland into most of eastern and southern Africa	176
2464000738	Axum	classical era kingdom of east Africa	177
2464000739	Apedemek	the lion god of classical Meroe	178
2464000740	Ancestral Pueblo	established mixed agricultural gathering/hunting society in southwestern North America	179
2464000741	Cahokia	The center of an important mound building culture.	180
2464000742	Teotihuacan	The largest city of pre-Columbian America.	181
2464000743	Venice	An Italian city that was a major center of Mediterranean trade	182
2464000744	trans-Saharan slave trade	a fairly small scale slave trade that developed in the 12th century C.E	183
2464000745	third-wave civilizations	Civilizations that were symbolized by big trade networks.	184
2464000746	Swahili civilization	An East African civilization	185
2464000747	Sudan	a large region of West Africa	186
2464000748	Srivijaya	a Malay Kingdom that was known for its native/indian hybrid culture.	187
2464000749	Silk Roads	Land-based trade routes that linked Eurasia.	188
2464000750	Sand Roads	a term used to describe trans-Saharan trade in Africa.	189
2464000751	Sailendras	a kingdom of Java known for being deeply influenced by Indian culture.	190
2464000752	pochteca	merchants among the Aztecs	191
2464000753	oasis cities of central Asia	cities that became the centers of trans-Eurasian trade.	192
2464000754	monsoons	wind currents that blew across the Indian Ocean	193
2464000755	Malaysians	speakers of Austronesian languages	194
2464000756	Jie people	a nomadic people who controlled most of Northern China.	195
2464000757	Indian Ocean trading network	The world's largest sea based system of communication before 1500 CE.	196
2464000758	Ibn Battuta	A famous Muslim traveler	197
2464000759	Great Zimbawe	A powerful state in the African Interior.	198
2464000760	bubonic plague	A highly fatal disease that was transmitted through mosquitoes.	199
2464000761	Borobudur	The largest Buddhist monument ever built.	200
2464000762	Black Death	a massive epidemic that swept Eurasia.	201
2464000763	American Web	the network of trade that linked parts of the pre-Columbian Americas.	202
2464000764	Yi	Korean dynasty	203
2464000765	Xiongnu	Major nomadic confederacy that reached from Manchuria to Central Asia.	204
2464000766	Wendi, Emperor	Sui emperor who supported Buddhism	205
2464000767	Uighurs	Turkic empire of the steppes.	206
2464000768	Trung sisters	Two Vietnamese sisters who launched a major revolt against the Chinese presence in Vietnam	207
2464000769	Tribute system	Chinese method of dealing with foreign lands.	208
2464000770	Tanka	A form of Japanese poetry	209
2464000771	Tang dynasty	a dynasty of China known for its openness to foreign cultural influences	210
2464000772	Sui Dynasty	a dynasty of China that reunited the country after years of political fragments.	211
2464000773	Song Dynasty economic revolution	A major economic quickening that took place in China under the Song dynasty.	212
2464000774	Silla dynasty	The first ruling dynasty to bring some political unity to Korea.	213
2464000775	Shotoku Taishi	Japanese statesman who was a big influence in making Japan into a centralized bureaucratic state	214
2464000776	Samurai	Members of Japan's warrior class.	215
2464000777	Pure Land Buddhism	A school of Buddhism that was immensely popular in China.	216
2464000778	Neo-Confucianism	A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China	217
2464000779	Nara	Japan's first Capital city	218
2464000780	Murasaki Shikibu	Sometimes known as Japan's greatest author.	219
2464000781	Kumsong	The capital of Korea in the Medieval era	220
2464000782	Koryo	Korean Dynasty	221
2464000783	Khitan	A nomadic peoples whose state included parts of Northern China	222
2464000784	kami	sacred spirits of Japan	223
2464000785	Jurchen	a nomadic peoples whose state included parts of Northern China	224
2464000786	Helan	Japan's second capital city	225
2464000787	Hangzhou	China's capital during the Song Dynasty	226
2464000788	Hangui	a phonetic alphabet developed in Korea.	227
2464000789	foot binding	Chinese practice of tightly binding girls feet to keep them small.	228
2464000790	chu nom	a variation of Chinese writing	229
2464000791	bushido	military virtues of the Japanese samurai.	230
2464000792	An Lushan	Foreign born Chinese leader who led a revolt against the Tang Dynasty.	231
2464000793	Vladimir, prince of kiev	Prince of Kiev who converted to Orthodox Christianity.	232
2464000794	Vikings	Scandinavian riders who had a big impact on most of Western Europe.	233
2464000795	system of competing states	organization of Western Europe political life	234
2464000796	natural philosophy	the scientific study of nature that developed in the later middle ages.	235
2464000797	Kievan Rus	State that emerged around the city of Kiev.	236
2464000798	Justinian	Byzantine emperor.	237
2464000799	indulgence	a cancellation of the penalty for confessed sin granted only by a pope.	238
2464000800	inconoclasm	The destruction of holy images.	239
2464000801	Holy Roman Empire	German-based empire founded by Otto.	240
2464000802	guild	association of people pursuing the same line of work.	241
2464000803	Greek fire	form of liquid fire that could be sprayed at enemies.	242
2464000804	Cyrillic	Alphabet based on Greek letters.	243
2464000805	Cyril and Methodious	Byzantine missionaries.	244
2464000806	Crusades	term meaning "ventures of the cross"	245
2464000807	Constantinople	capital for the eastern half of the Roman Empire, established by Constantine.	246
2464000808	Christianity, Roman Catholic	Western European branch of Christianity	247
2464000809	Christianity, Eastern Orthodox	Branch of Christianity that developed in the eastern part of the Roman Empire.	248
2464000810	Charlemagne	Ruler of the Carolingian Empire	249
2464000811	caesaropapism	a political-religious system	250
2464000812	Byzantine Empire	Surviving eastern roman empire.	251
2464000813	ulama	Islamic religious scholars.	252
2464000814	timbuktu	great city of West Africa	253
2464000815	Sultanate of Delhi	Major Turkic Muslim state in Northern India.	254
2464000816	Sufis	Islamic mystics.	255
2464000817	Sikhism	a religion that has both Islam and Hindu elements.	256
2464000818	shaykhs	Sufi teachers who founded individual schools of Sufism.	257
2464000819	sharia	Islamic law.	258
2464000820	quran	Most holy text of Islam.	259
2464000821	rightly guided caliphs	The first four rulers of the Islamic world after the death of Muhammad.	260
2464000822	Polo, Marco	The most famous European traveler of the Middle Ages	261
2464000823	Pillars of Islam	The five core practices required of Muslims.	262
2464000824	Muslim	"one who submits"	263
2464000825	Muhammad Ibn Abdullah	The Prophet of Islam	264
2464000826	Mozarabs	Christians who adopted a lot of Arabic and Muslim culture and practices without actually converting to Islam	265
2464000827	Mecca	The birthplace of Islam	266
2464000828	madrassas	Former colleges that taught the teachings of Islam.	267
2464000829	Kaaba	Great stone shrine in Mecca.	268
2464000830	jizya	Tax paid by non-Muslims of Islam in the Muslim ruled territories in exchange for freedom to practice their religion.	269
2464000831	jihad	Arabic for "struggle"	270
2464000832	imams	leaders with high religious authority in Shia Islam	271
2464000833	ibn sina	One of the greatest intellectuals of the Islamic world.	272
2464000834	ibn battuta	Arab traveler who wrote about his journeys in the Islamic world.	273
2464000835	house of wisdom	An academic center for research.	274
2464000836	hijra	journey that marks the starting point of the Islamic calendar	275
2464000837	hajj	one of the Five Pillars of Islam	276
2464000838	hadiths	Traditions passed on about the sayings or actions of Muhammad.	277
2464000839	ghazali, al-	Great Muslim legal scholar.	278
2464000840	dhimmis	"protected subjects" under Islamic rule.	279
2464000841	bedouins	Nomadic Arabs	280
2464000842	battle of talas river	Arab victory over the Chinese	281
2464000843	anatolia	Ancient name of Asia Minor	282
2464000844	andalus, al-	Arabic name for Spain	283
2464000845	abbasid caliphate	Dynasty of Caliphs that ruled a fragmented Islamic state.	284
2464000846	(START OF CH. 12)Yuan Dynasty	Mongol Dynasty that ruled China.	285
2464000847	Xiongnu	People of Mongolian lands north of China who formed a large scale nomadic empire.	286
2464000848	Turks	Turkic speakers from central Asia who were originally nomads.	287
2464000849	Temujin	Chinggis Khan's birth name.	288
2464000850	Pastoralism	Way of life in which people depend on herding domesticated animals for food.	289
2464000851	The mongol world war	Term used to describe half a century of military campaigns, killings, and empire building.	290
2464000852	Modun	Great ruler of the Xiongnu Empire	291
2464000853	Masai	Nomadic cattle-keeping people.	292
2464000854	Kipchak Kanate	Name given to Russia by the Mongols.	293
2464000855	Khanbalik	new capital city for the Mongols after their conquest of China	294
2464000856	kaghan	Supreme ruler of a Turkic nomadic confederation.	295
2464000857	Karakorum	Capital of the Mongol Empire	296
2464000858	Hulegu Khan	Grandson of Chinggis Khan	297
2464000859	Ghazan Khan	Subordinate khan of Persia	298
2464000860	"fictive kinship"	common form of tribal bonding in Nomadic societies	299
2464000861	Chinggis Khan	title given to Mongol leader Temujin after he united the Mongols.	300
2464000862	Black Death	Massive plague that swept through Eurasia	301
2464000863	"age-set"	a group of boys united by a common initiation ceremony among the Masai	302
2464000864	(START OF CH. 13)Zeng He	Great Chinese admiral	303
2464000865	Yongle	Chinese emperor during the Ming dynasty	304
2464000866	Triple Alliance	agreement that launched the Aztec Empire	305
2464000867	Timur	Turkic warrior.	306
2464000868	Timbuktu	Great city of West Africa	307
2464000869	Tenochtitián	The metropolitan capital of the Aztec Empire.	308
2464000870	Songhay Empire	Major Islamic state of West Africa	309
2464000871	Safavid Empire	Major Turkic empire of Persia.	310
2464000872	Renaissance, European	A "rebirth" of classical learning	311
2464000873	pochteca	Merchants in the Aztec Empire.	312
2464000874	Paleolithic persistence	The continuance of gathering and hunting societies in significant areas of the world .	313
2464000875	Ottoman empire	Major Islamic state centered on Anatolia.	314
2464000876	Nezahualcoyotl	A poet and king of the city-state Texcoco.	315
2464000877	Mughal Empire	One of the most successful empires of India.	316
2464000878	Ming dynasty	Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols	317
2464000879	Mexica	Seminomadic people of northern Mexico.	318
2464000880	Malacca	Muslim port city	319
2464000881	Iroquois League of Five Nations	Confederation of five Iroquouis peoples in what is now New York State.	320
2464000882	Inca Empire	The Western Hemisphere's largest imperial state.	321
2464000883	Igbo	People whose lands were east of the Niger River.	322
2464000884	Hundred Years' War	Major conflict between France and England over territory.	323
2464000885	Huitzilopochtli	Patron deity of the Aztec empire.	324
2464000886	Gama, Vasco da	Portugese explorer.	325
2464000887	Fulbe	West Africa's largest pastoral society.	326
2464000888	"firestick farming"	A controlling of their environment by the Paleolithic peoples of Australia that involved controlled fires to clear underbrush.	327
2464000889	Constantinople, seizure of (1453)	an event that marked the end of the Christian Byzantium.	328
2464000890	Columbus, Christopher	Found America in 1492	329
2464000891	"chosen women"	Among the Incas, girls who were removed from their homes at a young age and trained in Inca ideology who later were given as wives to respected men.	330
2464000892	Benin	Territorial state that emerged in what is now Southern Nigeria.	331
2464000893	Aztec Empire	Major state that developed in what is now Mexico.	332