Pre-AP World History Chapter 3 Vocab Flashcards

3187227239	Minoans	Earliest civilization on Crete (c.1600 BCE)	0
3187230654	Myceneans	Earliest Greek civilization, conquered Crete from Minoans	1
3187235988	Phoenicians	Seafaring civilization in Mediterranean and Aegean Seas	2
3187239420	polis	Greek city-state	3
3187239421	monarchy	Governing system led by a king; hereditary rule by one	4
3187242501	aristocracy	Rule by upper class; characteristic of a governing system	5
3187245800	oligarchy	Rule by a few; characteristic of a governing system	6
3187248028	tyrant	One man rule; often but not always a military leader	7
3187251372	Phonetic alphabet	Writing system which used 22 "letters" to make sounds	8
3187253266	Homer	Blind Greek poet best known for the Iliad and Odyssey	9
3187256500	hoplites	Heavily armed Greek infantry soldiers	10
3187258802	secularism	Dealing with worldly, non-religious affairs	11
3187261116	natural law	Forces of nature that causes phenomena to occur	12
3187263562	Socrates	Athenian philosopher who focused on ethics and challenged authority	13
3187267461	Plato	Athenian philosopher; student of Socrates	14
3187270013	Aristotle	Greek philosopher and scientist from Stageira; student of Plato	15
3187276016	Cyrus the Great	Persian warrior king	16
3187279029	satraps	Persian governors in the provinces who answered to the king	17
3187281824	Delian League	Greek alliance led by Pericles of Athens; formed after Persian Wars	18
3187289808	Peloponnesian War	(431-404 BCE) civil war between Athens and Sparta; Sparta won	19
3187295015	Alexander the Great	Macendonian king who conquered Persia, India, and Egypt	20
3187299033	Hellenistic Age	(323-30 BCE) era of Macedonian control after Alexander the Great's death	21
3187301356	republic	(res publica) "thing of the people", government run by elected officials, no monarch	22
3187305460	senate	ruling body of elected officials in Rome	23
3187740233	patricians	Aristocrats, upper-class in Rome	24
3187741867	plebeians	Commoners, lower-class in Rome	25
3187748785	consuls	Two executives chosen by the Roman Senate	26
3187752047	tribunes	Representatives of the plebeians in government in Rome	27
3187760505	Julius Caesar	Successful military general, conquered Gaul (France), became dictator	28
3187766051	triumvirate	Rule of three: Julius Caesar, Crassus, Pompey	29
3187770188	Caesar Augustus	Octavian (Caesar's nephew), name meant "revered one", first emperor of Rome	30
3187777378	Law of Twelve Tables	Roman Republic's Laws	31
3187832995	Pax Romana	200 years of Roman peace	32
3187835102	Punic Wars	(264-146 BCE) Wars of conquest fought between Rome and Carthage of Africa	33
3187847704	Virgil	Roman poet, wrote the Aeneid	34
3187849821	Livy	Roman historian	35
3187851342	Diocletian	Roman emperor who divided the empire into two halves	36
3187856792	Constantine	Roman emperor who established Constantinople and legalized Christianity	37
3187862874	Period of Warring States	End of Zhou Dynasty, marked by civil war in China among warlords	38
3188100572	Legalism	Chinese philosophy based on the assumption that all humans are evil and corrupt	39
3188126579	Daoism	Chinese philosophy based on the belief in two opposing forces of nature and the Dao	40
3188131451	Confucianism	Chinese philosophy based on the five key relationships and filial piety	41
3188156826	Shi Huangdi	Qin ruler known as "China's first emperor", unified China using strict harsh rule	42
3188166345	Han Wudi	Han emperor known for conquest and expansion of China	43
3188171821	Forbidden City	Han capital in Chang'an, only emperor, his family and his close advisors	44
3188227731	Scholar Gentry	Class of well-educated elite who worked for the Chinese government	45
3188232060	Aryans	Indo-European invaders to India	46
3188234027	Caste	Social class of hereditary status, no social mobility between classes	47
3188242290	Brahmins	Hindu priests; highest social class in the Caste system	48
3188257267	Kshatriya	Hindu warriors and rulers; second social class in the Caste system	49
3188245724	Vaishya	Hindu merchants, artisans and farmers, third social class in the Caste system	50
3188263061	Shudras	Hindu peasants, lowest social class in the Caste system	51
3188265363	jati	subgroups of families within a caste	52
3188275001	Upanishads	writings which reflect Aryan and Dravidian beliefs; commentaries on the Vedas	53
3188280882	reincarnation	rebirth of the soul in another life after death	54
3188282504	Hinduism	Polytheistic religion, begun as a combination of Aryan and Dravidian beliefs	55
3188289744	Buddhism	Athiest religion/philosophy, began by Siddharta Gautama	56
3188298325	Siddharta Gautuma	Nepalese prince, founder of Buddhism; first Buddha	57
3188301121	Asoka	Third ruler of the Mauryan dynasty, converted/spread Buddhism	58
3188308505	Chandra Gupta (Gupta Empire, not Maurya Dynasty)	Founder of the Gupta dynasty	59