AP World History, Semester 1 Review Flashcards

8156004292	Neolithic Era	also called the New Stone Age; classified by people beginning to establish villages and civilizations through farming	0
8156004293	cuneiform	first written language; originated in Mesopotamia	1
8156004296	Hammurabi's Code	strict Babylonian law that was used to enforce order in society; ex. an eye for an eye, a hand for a hand	2
8156004297	Buddhism	ancient religion founded in India by Siddhartha Gautama; goal is to reach Enlightenment or nirvana	3
8156004301	Judaism	monotheistic religion founded by Abraham	4
8156004302	Confucianism	religion/way of life that emphasizes respect for elders and traditional values; began in China	5
8156004303	hunter-gatherer	earliest way of life in which people would search and kill animals for their food	6
8156004304	Agricultural Revolution	period of time where people moved from hunting and gathering to permanent villages where they would farm for life	7
8156004308	democracy	government by the people; first seen in Athens, Greece	8
8156004314	Alexander the Great	greatest leader of Greek times; was able to conquer large area of the Mediterranean; gave way to the Hellenistic Period	9
8156004316	Hellenistic Period	time where Greek ideas/culture was spread all over the Mediterranean	10
8156004317	Christianity	religion in which Jesus is said to be the Messiah; monotheistic	11
8156004321	Pax Romana	time period of Roman Peace; trade flourished and Christianity fled	12
8156004327	Byzantine Empire	continued to exist in the East, even after the Roman Empire Fell; new name given to this empire	13
8156004332	Aztecs	group located in central Mexico; sacrificed thousands of people to their gods and had floating gardens on the land that they lived	14
8156004333	Mayans	early society located on the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico; known for creating their own calendars and slash/burn farming; never fell, instead some of their culture has faded into the jungle	15
8156004334	Incas	early civilization located in the Andes mountains; is known for its extensive roads and quipu communication system	16
8156004337	dynasty	a line of hereditary rulers; mostly seen in China	17
8156004339	Shi Huangdi	emperor during the Qin Dynasty; put into effect Legalism; Terra Cotta Army buried with him	18
8156004344	Civil Service Exam	extremely difficult test given to those who wanted to serve in the government; based on Confucian thought	19
8156004345	Legalism	Chinese philosophy that emphasizes strict obedience to laws	20
8156004346	Daoism	seeks harmony through nature and balance	21
8156004349	Ashoka	united India and the Maurya dynasty under the religion of Buddhism	22
8156004350	Genghis Khan	Mongolian leader whose empire stretched from the Black Sea to the Pacific Ocean (1162-1227)	23
8156004351	Kublai Khan	Grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China.	24
8156004352	Silk Road	A trade route that stretched from China to the Mediterranean Sea	25
8156004353	Pax Mongolica	Period of Mongol Peace	26
8156004354	Marco Polo	Italian explorer who wrote about his travels to Central Asia and China.	27
8156004359	Mansa Musa	Mali ruler who created a large kingdom and adopted Islam	28
8156004360	Islam	religion founded by the prophet Muhammad; monotheistic	29
8156004362	Muhammad	founder of Islam; known as the Islamic prophet/messenger of God	30
8156004363	Qur'an	the holy book of Islam	31
8156004366	Hagia Sophia	large church constructed in Constantinople during the reign of Justinian	32
8156004367	feudalism	system of loyalty in which Kings, Nobles, Knights and Serfs worked together to protect each other and create a society of order	33
8156004368	Black Death	A plague that killed millions of people across Europe and Asia in the 14th century	34
8156004370	guild	a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power	35
8156004374	Great Schism	Split between the Christian Church into Eastern and Western Churches	36
8156004375	Crusades	a series of military campaigns to establish Christian control over the Holy Land	37
8156004376	Renaissance	rebirth of art, culture, and intellect; started in Italy	38
8156004380	Martin Luther	led the Protestant Reformation by questioning the practices of the Catholic Church	39
8156004382	Justinian	Byzantine ruler who re-codified laws for all citizens	40
8156004384	Jesuits	religious group who came out of the Reformation that followed the Bible strictly and set up schools of religious learning	41
8156004385	printing press	credited to be invented by Johannes Gutenberg; helped to spread religious thought because everyone could get the information	42
8156004387	95 Theses	Arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church	43
8156391182	Caste System	A rigid social class system in Hinduism	44
8156399405	Tang Dynasty	dynasty often referred to as China's Golden age that reigned during 618 - 907 CE	45
8156411974	mita	Requirement for all Incan subjects to work for the state a certain number of days each year	46
8156416530	Ibn Battuta	Arab traveler who wrote about his journeys in the Islamic world	47
8156423230	Pope Urban II	Called for the First Crusade	48
8156431435	astrolabe	an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the positions of stars	49
8156435653	Columbian Exchange	The transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between New and Old World societies after 1492	50
8156438287	Christopher Columbus	Italian explorer who sailed to the Caribbean trying to find a western route to Asia	51
8156442169	reconquista	The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain	52
8156447381	magnetic compass	Chinese invention that aided navigation by showing which direction was north	53
8156456223	Indian Ocean Trade	The complex network of trade routes that spanned the Indian Ocean	54
8156473519	labor specialization	the division of jobs and skills in a society	55
8156493711	Humanism	Philosophy that celebrates human cultural achievements and emphasizes human reason and ethics	56
8156500624	Five Pillars	Declaration of faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage	57
8156529969	Ancient Egypt	Ancient civilization located primarily along the Nile River	58
8156532467	polytheism	belief in many gods	59
8156550445	Seleucid Empire	The empire in Syria, Persia, and Bactria after the breakup of Alexander's empire	60
8156557895	Ptolemaic Empire	The empire in the Egyptian area after the breakup of Alexander's empire	61
8156587092	Venice	An Italian city that by 1000 C.E. emerged as a major center of Mediterranean trade	62
8156656847	champa rice	Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season	63