AP World History: Period 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

8461239431	abacus	an ancient Chinese counting device that used rods on which were mounted movable counters	0
8461239432	age grade	age groups into which children were placed in Bantu societies of early sub-Saharan Africa; children within the age grade were given responsibilities and privileges suitable for their age and in this manner were prepared for adult responsibilities	1
8461239433	Allah	the god for Muslims; Arabic word for "god"	2
8461239434	Anasazi	the name given to the pueblo dwelling natives in the South-west and North American continent	3
8461239435	arabsque	artwork first seen in Muslim lands; a type of curvilinear decoration in painting, metalwork, etc., with intricate intertwining leaf, flower, animal, or geometrical designs	4
8461239436	astrolabe	a navigational instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the position of the stars	5
8461239437	Austronesian	a branch of languages originating in Oceania	6
8461239438	ayllus	in Incan society, a clan or community that worked together on projects required by the ruler	7
8461239439	bakufu	a military government established in Japan after the Gempei Wars; the emperor became a figurehead while real power was concentrated in the military, including the samurai	8
8461239440	Bantu-speaking peoples	name given to the group of sub-Saharan African peoples who's migrations altered the society of sub-Saharan Africa	9
8461239441	Battle of Tours	the 732 battle that haltered the advance of Muslim armies into Europe at a point in northern France	10
8461239442	benefice	in medieval Europe, a grant of land or other privilege to a vassal	11
8461239443	Black Death	the European name for the outbreak of the Bubonic Plague that spread across Asia, Europe, and North Africa in the Fourteenth century	12
8461239444	Bushi	regional military leaders in Japan who ruled small kingdoms from fortresses	13
8461239445	Bushido	the code of honor of the samurai in Japan	14
8461239446	Caliph	the chief Muslim political and religious leader	15
8461239447	Calpulli	Aztec clans that supplied labor and warriors to leaders	16
8461239448	caravel	a small, easily steerable ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in their explorations	17
8461239449	celadon	Chinese porcelain that has a pale, green, translucent glaze	18
8461239450	Chimor	pre-Incan South American society that fell to the Incas in the Fifteenth century	19
8461239451	chinampas	platforms of twisted vines and mud that served the Aztecs as floating gardens and extended their agricultural land	20
8461239452	chivalry	a knight's code of honor in medieval Europe	21
8461239453	Daimyo	a Japanese feudal lord in charge of an army of samurai	22
8461239454	Dar al-Islam	The House of Islam; a term representing the political and religious unity of the various Islamic groups	23
8461239455	excommunication	the practice of the Roman Catholic and other Christian churches of prohibiting participation in the sacraments to those who do not comply with the church teachings or practices	24
8461239456	feudalism	a political, economic, and social system based on the relationship between lord and vassal in order to provide protection	25
8461239457	fief	in medieval Europe, a grant of land given in exchange for military, or other services	26
8461239458	Five Pillars	five practices required of Muslim; faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage	27
8461239459	flying money	letters of credit issued in place of coins	28
8461239460	foot binding	in China, a method of breaking and binding women's feet; seen as a sign of beauty and social position, foot binding also confined women to the household	29
8461239461	Gempei wars	wars in Japan that pitted the samurai against the peasants	30
8461239462	Gothic architecture	architecture of Twelfth century Europe, featuring stained-glass windows, flying buttresses, tall spires, and pointed arches	31
8461239463	griots	storytellers of sub-Saharan Africa who carried on oral traditions and histories	32
8461239464	Hadith	a collection of the sayings and deeds of Mohammed	33
8461239465	Hajj	the pilgrimage to the Ka'aba in Mecca required once of every Muslim who was not limited by health or financial restrictions	34
8461239466	harem	a household of wives and concubines in the Middle East, Africa, or Asia	35
8461239467	Hijah	the flight of Mohammed from Mecca to Medina, the first year in the Muslim calendar	36
8461239468	Inca	the ruler of the Quechua people of the west coast of South America; the term is also applied to the Quechua people as a whole	37
8461239469	investiture	the authority claimed by monarchs to appoint church officials	38
8461239470	Jihad	Islamic holy war	39
8461239471	junks	large Chinese sailing ships especially designed for long-distance travel during the Tang and Song Dynasties	40
8461239472	Ka'aba	a black stone or meteorite that became the most revered shrine in Arabia before the introduction of Islam; situated in Mecca, it later was incorporated in the Islamic faith	41
8461239473	Kamikaze	the "divine wind" credited by the Japanese with preventing the Mongol invasion of Japan during the Thirteenth century	42
8461239474	Khan	a Mongol ruler	43
8461239475	kowtow	a former Chinese custom of touching the ground with the forehead as a sign of respect or submission	44
8461239476	lateen sails	a triangular sail attached to a short mast	45
8461239477	Magna Carta	a document written in England in 1215 that granted certain rights to nobles; later these rights came to be extended to all classes	46
8461239478	Malay sailors	Southeast Asian sailors who traveled the Indian Ocean; by 500 C.E., they had colonized Madagascar, introducing the cultivation of the banana	47
8461239479	Mamluks	Turkic military slaves who formed part of the army of the Abbasid Caliphate in the Ninth and Tenth centuries; they founded their own state in Egypt and Syria from the Thirteenth to the early Sixteenth centuries	48
8461239480	manorialism	a system of self-sufficient estates that arose in medieval Europe	49
8461239481	Maori	a member of a Polynesian group that settled in New Zealand about 800 CE	50
8461239482	medieval	pertaining to the Middle Ages of European history	51
8461239483	metropolitan	the head of the Eastern Orthodox Church	52
8461239484	Mexica	the name given to themselves by the Aztec people	53
8461239485	Middle Ages	the period of European history traditionally given as 500 to 1500	54
8461239486	Middle Kingdom	term applied to the rich agricultural lands of the Yangtze River Valley under the Zhou Dynasty	55
8461239487	minaret	a tower attached to a mosque from which Muslims are called to worship	56
8461239488	Ming Dynasty	Chinese dynasty that was founded by the Mongolian ruler Kublai Khan	57
8461239489	Mississippians	first society of people located in central North America	58
8461239490	mita	a labor system used by Andean societies in which community member shared work owed to rules and the religious community	59
8461239491	moldboard plow	the curved metal plate in a plow that turns over earth from the furrow	60
8461239492	Mongol peace	the period from about 1250 to 1350 in which the Mongols ensured the safety of Eurasian trade and travel	61
8461239493	mosque	the house of worship of followers of Islam	62
8461239494	moundbuilders	the various American tribes who, in prehistoric and early historic times, erected the buria mounds and other earthworks of the Mississippi drainage basin and southeastern U.S.	63
8461239495	Muslim	one who submits; a follower of Islam	64
8461239496	Neo-Confucianism	a philosophy that blended Confucianism and Buddhist thought	65
8461239497	parallel descent	in Incan society, descent through both the father and mother	66
8461239498	parliament	a representative assembly, most notably in England	67
8461239499	People of the Book	a term applied by Islamic governments to Muslims, Christians, and Jews in reference to the fact that all three religions had a holy book	68
8461239500	perspective	an artistic technique commonly used in Renaissance painting that gave a three-dimensional appearance to works of art	69
8461239501	Quechua	an Andean society also known as the Inca	70
8461239502	Quipus	systems of knotted chords of different sizes and colors used by the Incas for keeping records	71
8461239503	Quran	the holy book of Islam	72
8461239504	Ramadan	the holy month of Islam which commemorates the appearance of the angel Gabriel to Muhammad; fasting is required during this month	73
8461239505	Renaissance	the revival of learning in Europe beginning about 1300 and continuing to about 1600	74
8461239506	samurai	the military class of feudal Japan	75
8461239507	scholar gentry	the Chinese class of well-educated men from who many bureaucrats were chosen	76
8461239508	Seppuku	the Japanese practice of ritual suicide	77
8461239509	serf	a peasant who is bound to the land he or she works	78
8461239510	Shariah	the body of law that governs Muslim society	79
8461239511	Shi'ite	the branch of Islam that holds that the leader of Islam must be a descendant of Muhammad's family	80
8461239512	Shinto	the traditional Japanese religion based on veneration of ancestors and spirits of nature	81
8461239513	shogun	military leader under the bakufu	82
8461239514	shogunate	the rule of the shoguns	83
8461239515	stateless society	a society that is based on the authority of kinship groups rather than on a central government	84
8461239516	steppe diplomacy	the skill of political survival and dominance in the world of steppe nomads; it involved the knowledge of tribal and clan structure and often used assassinations to accomplish its goals	85
8461239517	Sufis	Muslims who attempt to reach Allah through mysticism	86
8461239518	sultan	an Islamic ruler	87
8461239519	Sunni	the branch of Islam that believes that the Muslim community should select its leaders; the largest branch of Islam	88
8461239520	syncretism	a blend of two or more cultures or cultural traditions	89
8461239521	tea ceremony	an ancient Shinto ritual still performed in the traditional Japanese capital of Kyoto	90
8461239522	Toltecs	Central American society that was centered around the city of Tula	91
8461239523	tribute	the payment of a tax in the form of goods and labor by subject peoples	92
8461239524	Umma	the community of Muslim believers	93
8461239525	vassal	in medieval Europe, a person who pledged military or other service to a lord in exchange for a gift of land or other privilege	94
8461239526	Yuan dynasty	Chinese dynasty that was founded by the Mongolian ruler Kublai Khan	95
8461239527	Zakat	a tax, comprising percentages of personal income of every kind, levied as almsgiving for the relief of the poor; the third of the Pillars of Islam	96