AP World History Chapter Eighteen Notecards Flashcards

8528466163	Atlantic System	The network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Basin. 18.519	0
8528466532	Chartered Companies	Groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies. 18.520	1
8528468747	Dutch West India Company	Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa. 18.520	2
8528469080	Plantocracy	In the West Indian colonies, the rich men who owned most of the slaves and most of the land, especially in the eighteenth century. 18.524	3
8528471716	Driver	A privileged male slave whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on a plantation. 18.524	4
8528497017	Seasoning	An often difficult period of adjustment to new climates, disease environments, and work routines, such as that experienced by slaves newly arrived in the Americas. 18.526	5
8528498837	Manumission	A grant of legal freedom to an individual slave. 18.526	6
8528499184	Maroon	A slave who ran away from his or her master. Often a member of a community of runaway slaves in the West Indies and South America. 18.529	7
8528499185	Capitalism	18.529	8
8528499729	Mercantilism	European government policies of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries designed to promote overseas trade between a country and its colonies and accumulate precious met- als by requiring colonies to trade only with their motherland country. The British system was defined by the Navigation Acts, the French system by laws known as the Exclusif. 18.530	9
8528500643	Royal African Company	A trading company chartered by the English government in 1672 to conduct its merchants' trade on the Atlantic coast of Africa. 18.530	10
8528501080	Atlantic Circuit	The network of trade routes connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas that underlay the Atlantic system. 18.530	11
8528521919	Middle Passage	The part of the Atlantic Circuit involving the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas. 18.530	12
8528526617	Songhai	A people, language, kingdom, and empire in western Sudan in West Africa. At its height in the sixteenth century, the Muslim Songhai Empire stretched from the Atlantic to the land of the Hausa and was a major player in the trans-Saharan trade. 18.537	13
8528526829	Hausa	An agricultural and trading people of central Sudan in West Africa. Aside from their brief incorporation into the Songhai Empire, the Hausa city-states remained autonomous until the Sokoto Caliphate conquered them in the early nineteenth century. 18.538	14
8528528229	Bornu	A powerful West African kingdom at the southern edge of the Sahara in the Central Sudan, which was important in trans-Saharan trade and in the spread of Islam. Also known as Kanem-Bornu, it endured from the ninth century to the end of the nineteenth. 18.538	15