AP Comparative Government: Iran Flashcards
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| 8312800294 | hostile | The middle class in Iran is culturally westernized and often _____ to the clergy. unfriendly | 0 | |
| 8312800295 | supreme leader | In Iran, the head of the judiciary is appointed by the _____ _____. |  | 1 |
| 8312800296 | Legislatures "ok" what the exec does. "Rubber stamp" | Iran and China share this institutional arrangement: A national assembly with only limited powers to oversee the executive and enact laws. | 2 | |
| 8312800297 | veto | The Guardian Council and the Supreme Leader can _____ legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majlis/Legislature) | 3 | |
| 8312800298 | clerics | In Iran, the concept of jurist guardianship states that senior _____ have authority over the entire community. |  | 4 |
| 8312800299 | nonviolent | Best characterizes the Iranian Revolution: A short, relatively _____ upheaval supported by the middle class |  | 5 |
| 8312800300 | theocracy | a state dominated by the clergy, who rule on the grounds that they are the only interpreters of God's will and law. |  | 6 |
| 8312800301 | sharia | Islamic law derived mostly from the Qur'an and the examples set by the Prophet Muhammad. |  | 7 |
| 8312800302 | Mahmoud Ahmadinejad | President of Iran from 2005-2013 (background in higher ed/local govt. instead of theology - he emphasized social justice, religious piety, and confrontation with the West) |  | 8 |
| 8312800304 | Assembly of Experts | Elected body of 86 members that chooses the supreme leader (men/Islamic scholars) (8 yr terms) (difficult to say how powerful a role this body will play once Khamenei passes away) | 9 | |
| 8312800305 | ayatollah | In Shiite Islam, a title in the religious hierarchy achieved by scholars who have demonstrated highly advanced knowledge of Islamic law and religion | 10 | |
| 8312800306 | Basij | "People's militia," which serves as a public morals police (boys who fought against Iraq...) |  | 11 |
| 8312800307 | bonyads | Parastatal foundations made in part from assets nationalized after the Iranian Revolution | 12 | |
| 8312800309 | Expediency Council | Appointed body that mediates between the Majlis and the Guardian Council over legislative disputes | 13 | |
| 8312800311 | Guardian Council | Appointed body that vets candidates for office and can overturn legislation (limits Majlis) (12 members/6yr terms) (6 lawyers nominated by chief justice and by Majlis, and 6 clerics appointed by supreme leader) |  | 14 |
| 8312800313 | Iran-Iraq War | The 1980-88 conflict between the two countries, started by Iraq | 15 | |
| 8312800314 | Islamic Republic of Iran | Name for post-revolutionary Iran: | 16 | |
| 8312800315 | Islamism (or Islamic fundamentalism) | The belief that Islam should be the source of the political regime's legitimacy | 17 | |
| 8312800316 | Khamenei, Ali | Current supreme leader of Iran, as of 1989: |  | 18 |
| 8312800317 | Khatami, Mohammad | President of Iran from 1997 to 2005 |  | 19 |
| 8312800318 | Khomeini, Ruhollah | First supreme leader of Iran, from 1980 to his death in 1989 |  | 20 |
| 8312800320 | Majlis | Legislature of Iran: | 21 | |
| 8312800321 | Mosaddeq, Mohammad | Prime Minister of Iran; deposed in 1953 by Operation Ajax. Nationalized Iran's oil. |  | 22 |
| 8312800322 | National Front | Political party in Iran following WWII; it opposed the monarchy and favored greater Iranian control over natural resources; outlawed after Operation Ajax | 23 | |
| 8312800323 | Operation Ajax | U.S.-and UK-backed overthrow of Iranian prime minister Mosaddeq in 1953: | 24 | |
| 8312800324 | Pahlavi, Reza Shah | Monarch of Iran from 1925 to 1941 |  | 25 |
| 8312800325 | Persia | Name for Iran before 1935 | 26 | |
| 8312800327 | Rafsanjani, Akbar | President of Iran from 1989 to 1997, current head of the Expediency Council (rival to Khameinei) |  | 27 |
| 8312800328 | Revolutionary Guard | Paramilitary force charged with defending the regime from domestic and internal enemies | 28 | |
| 8312800330 | Second Khordad Front | Reformist party that emerged in Iran to contest 2000 Majlis elections (reformist coalition with Khatami...not very powerful due to conservatives in Guardian Council etc.) | 29 | |
| 8312800331 | Shiism | Minority sect of Islam that differs with Sunnism over the proper descendants of the prophet Muhammad (the Mahdi will come) | 30 | |
| 8312800332 | supreme leader | Chief spiritual and political leader of Iran | 31 | |
| 8312800333 | theocracy | Rule by religion or religious leaders | 32 | |
| 8312800336 | White Revolution | Policy of reforms enacted by Reza Shah, beginning in 1963, to rapidly modernize and Westernize Iran | 33 | |
| 8312800337 | government | The supreme leader functions as a powerful head of state, while the president is more akin to a head of _____. the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies | 34 | |
| 8312800338 | Single-member and multi-member district majoriy | Electoral system for lower house: | 35 | |
| 8312800343 | half | Iran's population is young, with nearly ___ the population less than 30 yrs old. | 36 | |
| 8312800344 | NOT | The supreme leader is __ democratically elected | 37 | |
| 8312800350 | non-Arab | The adoption of Shiism by most Iranian Muslims was in part a reflection of the _____ composition of the population. | 38 | |
| 8312800351 | highest | The poverty rate in Iran is one of the ____ in the Middle East. | 39 | |
| 8312800354 | rule of law | The 1905 Constitutional Revolution created a short-lived regime governed by the ___ _ ___. | 40 | |
| 8312800356 | education system | A major emphasis of the Pahlavi shahs was building an __________ to modernize Iran. | 41 | |
| 8312800358 | nationalizing | Mossadeq's reforms in the early 1950's centered on ____ the oil industry. | 42 | |
| 8312800359 | communists | The US-sponsored coup that overthrew Mossadeq and put the shah back in power was organized by the CIA because some of Mossadeq's support came from Iranian _____. | 43 | |
| 8312800363 | secularize | Reza Khan sought to _____ the Iranian educational system | 44 | |
| 8312800365 | Khomeini | When Iranian students occupied the American embassy and held Americans hostage, _____ used the crisis to install his hard line supporters in nearly all positions of authority. | 45 | |
| 8312800367 | pragmatic | Rafsanjani's first terms as president (1989-1997) were marked by _____ economic reforms. | 46 | |
| 8312800370 | integrating | A major policy challenge for Iran's government in the first decade of the 21st century is economically _____ the huge population under 30 yrs of age. | 47 | |
| 8312800371 | Guardian Council | Observers question the democratic nature of Iranian elections because of the role of the _____ in approving candidates. | 48 | |
| 8312800372 | Assembly of Experts | Which of the following is elected in Iran: | 49 | |
| 8312800373 | unemployment | Evidence that the oil price increases in the early 21st century have NOT helped Iran's economy includes the increasing _____ rate for young people. | 50 | |
| 8312800374 | clerical | Economic policy making in Iran today is complicated by ___ control of large segments of the economy. (bonyads/parastatals) | 51 |