AP Hug: Population & Migration Flashcards

5918307739	crude birth rate	annual number of live births per 1,000 people in the population	0
5918307740	crude death rate	the number of deaths per year per 1,000 people	1
5918307741	age distibution	aka population pyramid	2
5918307742	arithmetic population density	the total number of people divided by the total land area - least accurate (does not take in to account areas that are uninhabited)	3
5918307743	carrying capacity	largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support	4
5918307744	chain migration	a stream of people out of an area as first movers communicate with people back home stimulate others to follow later ex: mexicans moving to americans	5
5918307745	child mortality rate	number of children who die between their 1st-5th year of their life	6
5918307746	cohort	the age bracket in a population pyramid category of people with something in common, usually their age	7
5918307747	cyclic movement	movement has a closed route/repeated daily ex: commuting to work	8
5918307748	demographic equation	birth-death+net migration calculates population change	9
5918307749	demographic momentum	tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility declining because of their young age distribution once this happens a country moves to a different stage in the demographic transition model	10
5918307750	demographic transition model	a sequence of demographic changes in which a country moved from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time	11
5918307751	dependency ratio	number of people who are too young/too old to work compared to those who are the right age to work ex: europe has a high dependency ratio cause there is more old people	12
5918307752	contagious diffusion	how disease spreads in a populations determines how disease spread ex: cholera	13
5918307753	distance decay	becomes less important/relevant further from origin	14
5918307754	doubling time	time it takes for the population to double (prediction) dt=70/percent of growth rate	15
5918307755	ecumene	parts of the earth that have been inhabited	16
5918307756	epidemiological transition model	distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition model stage 1- famine, wild animal attacks stage 2-infectious diseases ex: malaria stage 3 and 4 are degenerative and human created diseases ex: cancer, heart disease, old age stage 5- reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases	17
5918307757	eugenics	government polices designed to favor one racial sector over others ex: Nazi, Hitler	18
5918307758	forced migration	forced to leave because of government polices or natural disasters	19
5918307760	gravity model	a mathematical prediction of the interaction of places, the interaction being a function of population size of the respective places and the distance between them	20
5918307762	infant mortality rate	the total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society	21
5918307764	internal migration	movement within a country Ex: moving from illinois to california	22
5918307765	international migration and refugees	people fleeing from their country and crossing borders	23
5918307766	interregional migration	migration between regions (ie. moving from Northeast to South)	24
5918307767	intervening opportunity	the presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away ex: car breaks down and they decide to live in that town	25
5918307768	J-curve	a growth curve that depicts exponential growth	26
5918307769	life expectancy	a figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live	27
5918307770	migratory movement	movement that consists of one person migrating from one place to another	28
5918307771	neo-malthusian	support thomas mathus's views in the present, advocacy of population control programs to ensure enough resources for future populations	29
5918307772	periodic movement	movement that involves temporary recurrent relocation ex: military, college	30
5918307773	physiologic population density	the number of people per square unit of arable land	31
5918307774	population density	measurement of the number of people per given unit of land	32
5918307777	population pyramid	a bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex	33
5918307778	push factors	encouragement for people to move from the region that they live in ex: genocide, dictatorship, environmental problems	34
5918307779	pull factors	reasons that attract people to a new region ex: well paying jobs, preferable weather conditions	35
5918307780	rate of natural increase	crude death rate- crude birthrate	36
5918307781	refugee	a person who has been forced to migrate and cannot return due of fear of persecution based on their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion	37
5918307782	rural urban migration	migration between rural and urban areas	38
5918307783	s- curve	leveling off an exponential, J-shaped curve when a rapidly growing population exceeds the carrying capacity of its environment and ceases to grow	39
5918307784	sex ratio	the proportion of males to females in a population	40
5918307785	stage 1	low growth; high death and birth rates leads to a population that varies overtime with little long term growth	41
5918307786	stage 2	rapidly declining death rates high birth rates high growth	42
5918307787	stage 3	moderate growth significant natural increase declining birth rates and low death rates	43
5918307788	stage 4	low growth stationary stage low birth and death rate	44
5918307789	stage 5	Very low birth rates low death rates. Natural decrease. Japan and Europe.	45
5918307790	standard of living	quality of life based on the possion of necessities and luxuries that make life easier	46
5918307791	step mirgration	long distance migration done in stages	47
5918307793	Thomas Malthus	believed that population was exponential and food supply was linear	48
5918307794	transhumance	seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures	49
5918307795	voluntary migration	movement in which people relocated in response to perceived opportunity, not because they are forced to move	50
5918307796	zero population growth	when the birth rates equals the death rate	51
5918307797	Distribution	How things are spread across an area	52
5918307798	Agricultural density	Number of farmers per unit of arable land - higher the agricultural density, less developed the country	53
5918307799	RNI/NIR	(CBR-CDR)/10	54
5918307800	Boserup	Anti Malthusian. Humans will always find a way to produce more food. Necessity breeds ingenuity.	55
5918307801	TFR	Number of children a woman is expected to give birth too in her lifetime.	56
5918307802	Replacement Level MDC	TFR 2.1	57
5918307803	Fecundity	Years in which a woman is able to conceive 15-45	58
5918307804	Expansive (pro-natalist) population policy	Countries that encourage pop growth. May offer money, tax breaks, daycare. Denmark	59
5918307805	Restrictive (anti-Natalist) population policy	Countries that want to limit population growth. China's One child policy	60
5918307806	Immigration	Migrants entering a country	61
5918307807	Emmigration	Migrants leaving a country	62
5918307808	Ravenstein's Laws of Migration	Laws that show patterns of migration. For example most migration is rural to urban. Young males are the most likely migrants. Most migration takes place in steps.	63
5918307809	Zelinsky's Migration Transition Model	Overlay of the DTM. Where people are migrating based on development. 1 not much moving. 2 most likely to be international 3 & 4 mostly internal	64
5918307810	Remittances	Guest workers and migrants who send money back home to help your family. Large part of the economy typically in the receiving country.	65
5918307811	Guest Workers	people legally working in countries on a visa to fill a labor need.	66
5918307812	Intervening Obstacles	Something that prevents you from getting to your intended destination. Great Wall of China. Border patrol. Checking Passports.	67