APES Chapter 7 Flashcards

4890099066	Factors that Drive Human Population Growth		0
4890099067	Developed vs Developing Countries		1
4890099068	Changes in population size		2
4890099069	Changes in population size cont.		3
4890099070	Total Fertility Rate	an estimate of the average number of children that each woman in a population will bear.	4
4890099071	Replacement level fertility	the total fertility rate required to offset the average number of deaths in a population and for the current population size to remain stable. (~2.1) global average is 2.33	5
4890099072	Education and Fertility		6
4890099073	Life expectancy	the average number of years that an infant born in a particular year in a particular country can be expected to live, given the current average life span and death rate of that country. U.S. = 78 years; global average = 68	7
4890099074	Infant Mortality Rate	the number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births.	8
4890099075	Child mortality rate	the number of deaths of children under age 5 per 1,000 live births.	9
4890099076	Age Structure	Age structure diagrams (population pyramids)- visual representations of age structure within a country for males and females.	10
4890099077	The Demographic Transition	is the theory that as a country moves from a subsistence economy to industrialization and increased affluence, it undergoes a predictable shift in population growth.	11
4890099078	The Stages of the Demographic Transition	Phase 1: Slow population growth because there are high birth rates and high death rates which offset each other. Phase 2: Rapid population growth because birth rates remain high but death rates decline due to better sanitation, clean drinking water, increased access to food and goods, and access to health care. Phase 3: Stable population growth as the economy and educational system improves and people have fewer children. Phase 4: Declining population growth because the relatively high level of affluence and economic develop encourage women to delay having children.	12
4890099079	Family Planning	the regulation of the number or spacing of offspring through the use of birth control.	13
4890099080	Affluence	having a lot of wealth such as money, goods, or property.	14
4890099081	The IPAT equation		15
4890099082	The Impact of Affluence	Gross domestic product (GDP)- the value of all products and services produced in a year in that country. GDP is made up of consumer spending, investments, government spending, and exports minus imports. A countries GDP often correlates with its pollution levels.	16