AP Psychology Unit 5 Flashcards

5547463065	consciousness	our awareness of ourselves and our environment	0
5547463066	circadian rhythm	the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle	1
5547463067	REM sleep	rapid eye moment sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep	2
5547468926	Paradoxical Sleep	the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active	3
5547463068	alpha waves	the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state	4
5547463069	sleep	periodic, natural loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation	5
5547463070	hallucinations	false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus	6
5547463071	delta waves	the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep	7
5547463072	NREM sleep	non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep	8
5547463073	narcolepsy	a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times	9
5547463074	sleep apnea	a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings	10
5547463075	night terrors	a sleep disorder characterized by a high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered	11
5547463076	dream	a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it	12
5547463077	manifest content	according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content)	13
5547463078	latent content	according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)	14
5547463079	REM rebound	the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)	15
5547463080	hypnosis	a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings thoughts or behaviors will spontaneously occur	16
5547463081	posthypnotic suggestions	a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors	17
5547463082	dissociation	a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others	18
5547463083	psychoactive drug	a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods	19
5547463084	tolerance	the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect	20
5547463085	withdrawal	the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug	21
5547463086	physical dependence	a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued	22
5547463087	psychological dependence	a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions	23
5547463088	addiction	compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences	24
5547463089	depressants	drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce activity and slow body functions	25
5547463090	barbiturates	drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment	26
5547463091	opiates	opium and its derivatives, (such as morphine and heroin); they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety	27
5547463092	stimulants	drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up the body functions	28
5547463093	amphetamines	drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes	29
5547463094	methamphetamine	a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels	30
5547463095	near-death experience	an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations	31
5547463096	THC	the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations	32
5547463097	homeostasis	a state of psychological equilibrium obtained when tension or a drive has been reduced or eliminated	33
5547463098	insomnia	recurring problems in falling or staying asleep	34
5547463099	activation-synthesis theory	theory that dreams reflect inputs from brain activation originating in the pons, which the forebrain then attempts to weave into a story	35
5547463100	biofeedback	a training program in which a person is given information about physiological processes (heart rate or blood pressure) that is not normally available with the goal of gaining conscious control of them	36
5547463101	meditation	the act of deep thinking or reflection	37
5547463102	ecstasy (MDMA)	a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition	38
5547463103	hallucinogens	psychedlic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perception and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input	39
5547463104	LSD	a powerful hallucigenic drug; also known as acid	40
5547463107	Sigmund Freud	considered dreams the key to understanding our inner conflict	41