Cell Energy: AP Biology Flashcards
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| 6895242428 | Catabolism | Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy |  | 0 |
| 6895242429 | Anabolism | Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy. |  | 1 |
| 6895242430 | Enthalpy | total energy | 2 | |
| 6895242431 | Entropy | total disorder |  | 3 |
| 6895242432 | Exergonic | Releases energy |  | 4 |
| 6895242433 | Endergonic | Energy produced |  | 5 |
| 6895242434 | ATP structure | Has a phosphate group, hydrogen base that consist of two molecules and a one molecule 5-carbon sugar |  | 6 |
| 6895242435 | The Cycle | Endergonic (energy made) ATP Made Hydrolysis of ATP Exergonic (energy loss) ADP + Pi *starts over* |  | 7 |
| 6895242436 | OIL RIG | Oxidation Is Lost (loss of electrons) Reduction Is Gained (gain of electrons) | 8 | |
| 6895242437 | General equation for cell respiration | glucose - oxygen - carbon dioxide- water, energy C6H12O6 - 6O2 - 6CO2 + 6H2O |  | 9 |
| 6895242438 | phosphorylation reaction | phosphate from ATP transfer energy to glucose, requires enzyme (kinase) | 10 | |
| 6895242439 | cell respiration | glucose oxidized oxygen reduced requires enzyme (dehydrogenases) |  | 11 |
| 6895242440 | Aerobic | glycolysis, conversion to Acetyl COA, krebs cycle, ETC: oxidation phosphorylation |  | 12 |
| 6895242441 | Anaerobic | glycolysis, fermentation |  | 13 |
| 6895242442 | glycolysis is in the | cytoplasm |  | 14 |
| 6895242443 | Acetyl CoA and krebs cycle are in the | matrix (low H+, less acidic) | 15 | |
| 6895242444 | Oxidative phosphorylation | inner membrane (high H+, more acidic) |  | 16 |
| 6895242445 | Glycolysis | glucose broken down into 2 pyruvate 2 NADH made and transferred to mitochondria forms 2 net ATP ATP to ADP = phosphorylation 2NAD+ to 2H+ = oxidation/reduction | 17 | |
| 6895242446 | krebs cycle | conversion to Acetyl CoA - 2NADH & 2 Acetyl CoA made purpose: complete oxidation of glucose and make energy for ETC | | 18 |
| 6895242447 | ETC | electrons from NADH move to O2 protons pumped into inner membrane space water forms (O2 final electron acceptor) |  | 19 |
| 6895242448 | Anemiosmosis | protons diffuse back into matrix trough ATP synthase, makes ATP | 20 | |
| 6895242449 | Fermentation | regenerate NAD+, reduce pyruvate end result - alcohol, CO2, lactic acid Alc: bacteria, fungi, plants lactic acid: bacteria, fungi, animals | 21 | |
| 6895242450 | Role in cell reparation of: NAD+ FAD+ O2 | -NAD+: accept/donate electrons -FAD+: accept/donate electrons - O2: final electron acceptor in ETC | 22 | |
| 6895242451 | substrate level phosphorylation | ATP made via transfer of phosphate group |  | 23 |
| 6895242452 | oxidative phosphorylation | ATP made from redux reactions | | 24 |
| 6895242453 | chloroplasts | -stroma: low H+ -thylakiod: high H+ |  | 25 |
| 6895242454 | equation for photosynthesis | 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy --- C6H12O6 + 6O2 |  | 26 |
| 6895242455 | light dependent | -utilize water, oxygen released, ATP Made -occurs in thylakoid |  | 27 |
| 6895242456 | light independent | need CO2 and ATP to make sugar occur in stroma |  | 28 |
| 6895242457 | pigments important for photosynthesis | chlorophyl a and b, carotenoids |  | 29 |
| 6895242458 | ATP made | light absorbed, electrons transferred from photosystem 1 to 2, ETC pumps protons into thylakoid, protons diffuse through ATP synthase and phosphate group bonds to ADP |  | 30 |
| 6895242459 | role of ATP and ADP in Calvin cycle | ATP and ADP: convert carbon into sugar | 31 | |
| 6895242460 | ATP made in mitochondria | through cell respiration in the matrix | 32 | |
| 6895242461 | ATP made in chloroplast | through light stroma | 33 | |
| 6895242462 | ATP made in chloroplast and ATP made in mitochondria both: | have inter membrane space diffuse of protein have ETC | 34 |