APES Chapter 10 Flashcards

4890088773	Tragedy of the Commons	(1968, Garret Harden) the tendency of a shared, limited resource to become depleted because people act from self-interest for short-term gain.	0
4890088774	Externalities	a cost or benefit of a good or service that is not included in the purchase price of the product or service; In environmental science we are concerned about negative externalities because of the environmental damage for which no one bears the cost.	1
4890088775	Maximum Sustainable Yield	The maximum amount of a renewable resource that can be harvested without compromising the future availability of that resource.	2
4890088776	Public Lands	National Parks- managed for scientific, educational, and recreational use, and sometimes for their beauty or unique landforms. Managed Resource Protected Areas- managed for the sustained use of biological, mineral, and recreational resources. Habitat/Species Management Areas- actively managed to maintain biological communities. Strict Nature Reserves and Wilderness Areas- established to protect species and ecosystems. Protected Landscapes and Seascapes- nondestructive use of natural resources while allowing for tourism and recreation. National Monuments- set aside to protect unique sites of special natural or cultural interests.	3
4890088777	Federal Agencies and the Land they Control		4
4890088778	Rangelands	Dry, open grasslands that are primarily used for cattle grazing.	5
4890088779	Forests	Areas dominated by trees and other woody vegetation.	6
4890088780	Timber harvest Practices	Clear-cutting- removing all, or almost all the trees in an area. Selective cutting- removing single trees or relatively small numbers of trees from a forest.	7
4890088781	Fire Management	prescribed burns- a fire is deliberately set under controlled conditions.	8
4890088782	Protected Forests	National Parks- established to preserve scenic views and unusual landforms. National wildlife refuges- managed for the purpose of protecting wildlife National wilderness areas- set aside to preserve large tracts of intact ecosystems or landscapes.	9
4890088783	Federal Regulations	National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)- mandates an environmental assessment of all projects involving federal money or permits. Environmental impact statement (EIS)- outlines the scope and purpose of the project. Environmental mitigation plan- outlines how the developer will address concerns raised by the projects impact on the environment.	10
4890088784	Residential Land	Suburban- areas surrounding metropolitan centers with low population densities. Exurban- similar to suburban areas, but are not connected to any central city or densely populated area.	11
4890088785	Urban Sprawl	the creation of urbanized areas that spread into rural areas.	12
4890088786	4 main concerns of Urban Sprawls	The four main concerns of urban sprawl in the U.S. are: - automobiles and highway construction - living costs (people can get more land and a larger house in the suburbs for the same amount of money) - urban blight (city revenue shrinks as people move to the suburbs) - government policies	13
4890088787	Negative Feed Back Loops		14
4890088788	Government Policies	Highway Trust Fund- a federal gasoline tax to pay for construction and maintenance of roads and highways. Zoning- a planning tool to create quieter and safer communities. For example, prohibiting the development of a factory or strip mall in a residential area. Multi-use zoning- allows retail and high-density residential development to coexist in the same area. Subsidized mortgages- low interest rates offered to people to purchase a home that would otherwise not be able to do so.	15
4890088789	Smart Growth	Mixed land uses create a range of housing opportunities and choices create walkable neighborhoods encourage community and stakeholder collaboration in development decisions take advantage of compact building design Foster distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of place Preserve open space, farmland, natural beauty and critical environmental areas Provide a variety of transportation choices Strengthen and direct development toward existing communities Make development decisions predictable, fair and cost-effective	16