AP Biology: Plants Flashcards

5951944951	plants	--dominant photosynthetic organisms on planet --eukaryotic cells --multicellular --cell walls are made of cellulose --exhibit alternation of generations	0
5951944952	alternation of generations	the alternation between the haploid gametophyte and the diploid sporophyte in a plant's life cycle	1
5951944953	gametophyte	the stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces gametes, or sex cells **egg or sperm, haploid generation	2
5951944954	sporophyte	the stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces haploid spores **spore or seed, diploid generation	3
5951944958	Plants (and classification of) show evolution from...	water to land	4
5951944959	What did plants develop to solve most of the problems of transition from water to land?	vascular tissue seeds cuticle stomata	5
5951944960	xylem	vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to its leaves. one direction **in charge of water	6
5951944961	phloem	vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants **in charge of food (phloem and food both start with F...?)	7
5951944962	Bryophytes	Mosses --do NOT have vascular tissue --found in damp, wet areas close to the ground --instead of growing vertically, they grow horizontally --do NOT produce seeds; produce spores --do NOT produce fruit	8
5951944963	Pteridophytes	--Pteridophytes --do have vascular tissue --found in wet areas, usually under trees, because they have to have water for reproduction (for the sperm to swim) --do NOT produce seeds; produce spores --do NOT produce fruit	9
5951944964	Gymnosperms	--do have vascular tissue --can be found anywhere, really --due to wind, pollen carries sperm to cone, which fertilizes egg and produces seeds --do NOT produce fruit	10
5951944965	Angiosperms	Most complex --can be found anywhere except really cold environments --do have vascular tissue --do produce seeds --do produce fruit (purpose: to disperse seeds)	11
5951944966	self pollination	the transfer of pollen from one flower to another flower on the same plant	12
5951944967	cross pollination	a reproductive process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant	13
5951944969	transpiration	process within plants that is a loss of water in vapor form; it occurs due to plants opening stomata to take in CO2 (regulated by guard cells)	14
5951944972	Why would a plant want to get rid of water?	to get "new" water into the plant, you've got to get rid of some of the "old" water a plant needs to make room for "new" water in order to distribute food throughout the phloem of the plant	15
5951944976	tropism	a growth response of a plant toward or away from a stimulus (basically a response to a stimulus) **often caused by hormones	16
5951944977	thigmotropism	plant response to contact i.e. vines growing around something	17
5951944978	phototropism	plant response to light **flowers bend toward the sun	18
5951944979	gravitropism	response of a plant to the force of gravity	19
5951944980	positive tropism	plant response towards stimulus	20
5951944981	negative tropism	plant response away from stimulus	21
5951944982	hormones	chemical substances (very simple structures) produced at one location and used at other locations They are effective in very small quantities and can cause a "cascade effect".	22
5951944983	cytokinins	plant hormones that stimulate cell division; they are produced in large quantities in plant roots	23
5951944984	auxins (indole acetic acid - IAA)	plant hormones that lead to phototropism by elongating the dark side of the plant and affect turgor pressure **causes cell elongation (causes plants to bend)	24
5951944988	gibberellins (GAs)	Hormone that promotes stem elongation	25
5951944989	ethylene gas	gaseous plant hormone responsible for fruit ripening (example of positive feedback) **ripe fruit give off ethylene gas	26
5951944990	abscisic acid	A plant hormone that brings about dormancy in buds, mantains dormancy in seeds, and brings about stomatal closing, among other effects. Produced in stressful situations	27
5951944992	photoperiodism	a plant's response to seasonal changes in length of night and day (particularly with flowering) **length of dark period determining factor	28
5951944994	long day plant	plant which critical photoperiod must be surpassed in order for it to flower **begin forming flower buds when the days are longer than their critical day length	29
5951944995	short day plant	plant which flowers until the critical photoperiod is passed; then becomes vegetative **begin flowering when the days are shorter than their critical day length	30
5952028868	water potential	direction water will flow, impacted by solute concentration and pressure	31