AP Biology: Photosynthesis Flashcards

6133229835	photoautotrophs	organisms that produce their own food using light energy - plants, protists, and algae	0
6133229836	mesophyll	inner tissue of a leaf, contain many chloroplasts	1
6133229837	stroma	fluid that fills the inner area of a chloroplast	2
6133229838	thylakoids	found in stacks in the chloroplast where the light reactions occur	3
6133229839	grana	stacks of thylakoids	4
6133229840	chlorophyll	pigment that absorbs light energy to power the light reactions of photosynthesis	5
6133229841	stomata	pores in the epidermis of a leaf that allow water to leave the plant and carbon dioxide to enter it	6
6133229842	light reactions	reactions that use carbon dioxide and water to create ATP and NADPH for use in the calvin cycle	7
6133229843	NADP+	an electron acceptor that is reduced and is used to fuel the calvin cycle	8
6133229844	calvin cycle	the series of reactions where ATP and NADPH are used to form G3P which is then used to form glucose and other organic molecules including amino acids and nucleic acids	9
6133229845	carbon fixation	reactions that use CO2 to make glucose	10
6133229846	absorption spectrum	the range of wavelengths absorbed by a particular pigment	11
6133229847	chloroplast	the organelle where photosynthesis takes place	12
6133229848	products of light reactions	NADPH + ATP + O2	13
6133229849	reactants of calvin cycle	NADPH + ATP + CO2	14
6133229850	water	this molecule splits and allows for an electron to be bumped up to the primary electron acceptor in photosystem II	15
6133229851	photosystem II	the location of water splitting	16
6133229852	p700	this is the special chlorophyll that is located in photosystem I	17
6133229853	p680	this is the special chlorophyll that is located in photosystem II	18
6133229854	chemoautotroph	organisms that produce their own food using inorganic materials - thermophilic bacteria	19
6133229855	guard cells	responsible for opening and closing stomata	20
6133229856	photorespiration	process where o2 gets substituted for CO2 in the calvin cycle	21
6133287031	RuBisCo	The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP). The most abundant protein on Earth!	22
6133294401	G3P	The molecule that is made from the Calvin Cycle; glucose is formed when two of these molecules combine.	23
6133306175	Electron Transport Chain	A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.	24
6133310165	ATP Synthase	Large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP	25
6133312952	Chemiosmosis	Process by which a Hydrogen pump pumps protons into the thylakoid membrane. H+ passively flows through the ATP synthase which leads to the creation of ATP.	26