AP Biology Organic Chemistry Flashcards

5147465378	monomer	a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form dimers or polymers	0
5147465379	polymer	large compound formed from combinations of many monomers	1
5147465380	carbohydrate	organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio; used for energy or structural support	2
5147465381	lipid	organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen & relatively few oxygen used for energy storage; include fats, oils, steroids, waxes and other nonpolar substances	3
5147465382	Protein	organic compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur; perform many functions including growth, repair and catalysis	4
5147465383	amino acid	monomer of a protein contains an amine group (NH2) and a carboxyl group (COOH)	5
5147465384	hydrolysis	process by which organic polymers break into monomers by the addition of a H+ and an OH- (a molecule of water)	6
5147465385	enzyme	protein that acts as a catalyst and speeds up chemical reactions in the cell	7
5147465387	Isomer	molecule with same chemical formula, but different structure and properties	8
5147465389	Hydrogen Bond	weak, noncovalent attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegetive atom (O, N, F)	9
5147465390	Covalent Bond	bonding pairs that shares electrons equally	10
5147465391	Polar Covalent Bond	Bonding pairs that share electrons unequally (as in water)	11
5147465393	Buffer	Solution that resist change in pH	12
5147465396	Glucose	Simple sugar that is component of carbohydrates and is also an energy source for living organisms; C6H12O6	13
5147465398	Ion	Atom or a molecule where total number of electrons is not equal to toal number of protons. It causes atom or molecule to have either positive or negative elctrical charge.	14
5147465402	Hydrocarbons	simplest organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen	15
5147465403	ATP	Adenosine Triphosphate; energy molecule used to power cellular processes	16
5147465409	polar molecule	A molecule that has an unevenly distributed charge.	17
5147465412	aqueous solution	A solution in which water acts as a solvent	18
5147465413	hydrophilic	substance that has an affinity for water	19
5147465414	hydrophobic	substances that do not have affinity for water; nonionic or nonpolar compounds	20
5147465418	Valence Shell	The outer most shell of an atom that allows the cells to bond with one another. The first shell has a maximum of 2 and the rest have a maximum of 8 electrons.	21
5147465423	Dehydration synthesis	occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule.	22
5147465426	Functional Group	A group of atoms in an organic compound that contribute to the personality of the compound	23
5147465428	Monosaccharides	carbohydrate monomer, usually a sugar such as glucose	24
5147465429	Disaccharides	carbohydrate dimer, such as sucrose	25
5147465430	Polysaccharides	carbohydrate polymer, such as starch, glycogen, cellulose or chitin	26
5147465431	Acid	solution which contains more H+ ions than OH-; has a pH < 7	27
5147465432	Basic	solution which contains more OH- ions than H+; has a pH > 7	28
5147465433	Catalyst	substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but is not changed during the reaction	29
5147465435	Glycogen	carbohydrate polymer found in animals composed of bonded glucose molecules	30
5147465436	organic compound	Compound that contains carbon and hydrogen	31
5147465437	macromolecules	organic polymer	32
5147465438	starch	carbohydrate polymer found in plants; composed of bonded glucose molecules	33
5147465439	Cellulose	Polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls	34
5147465440	Chitin	polysaccharide that makes up the shells and exoskeletons of some animals and the cell walls of fungi	35
5147465441	fatty acid	subunit of triglycerides composed of long chains of carbon atoms with attached hydrogens	36
5147465442	phospholipid	amphiphatic lipid that composes most of the cell membrane	37
5147465443	Steroid	lipid made up of a carbon skeleton consisting of 4 fused rings	38
5147465444	Cholesterol	important steroid found in animal cell membranes	39
5147465445	nucleic acid	organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus which store and transmit genetic information	40