AP List Flashcards

9291127107	Anaphora	Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of tow or more sentences in a row (this makes the writer's point more coherent) EX: Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better.	0
9291146254	Anastrophe	Inversion of the usual, normal, or logical order of the parts of a sentence. (Purpose is its rhythm, emphasis, or euphony) Fancy word for inversion	1
9291176172	Antimetabole	Repetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order (in poetry: chiasmus)	2
9291190011	Antithesis	Balancing words, phrases, or ideas that are strongly contrasted, often by means of grammatical structure. EX: "Patience is bitter, but it has a sweet fruit." - Aristotle	3
9291209769	Antihero	Central character who lacks all the qualities traditionally associated with heroes. (May lack courage, grace, intelligence, or moral scruples)	4
9291216446	Aphorism	Brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life, a principle, or accepted general truth.	5
9291224576	Apostrophe	Calling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person, or to a place or thing, or an abstract idea. (if to a god/goddess: invocation)	6
9291255291	Apposition	Placing in immediately succeeding order of two or more coordinate elements, the latter of which is an explanation, qualification, or modification of the first EX: The dining room, the noisiest part of the house, is a terrible place to be.	7
9291304127	Asyndeton	Commas used without conjunction to separate a series of word, thus emphasizing the parts equally EX: An empty stream, a great silence, an impenetrable forest. The air was thick, warm, heavy, sluggish. - Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad	8
9291319413	Balance	Constructing a sentence so that both halves are about the same length and importance	9
9291324912	Static character	One who does not change much in the course of a story	10
9291329566	Dynamic character	One who changes in some important way as a result of the story's action	11
9291336504	Flat character	Has only one of two personality traits	12
9291341226	Round character	Has more dimensions to their personalities; they are complex like real people	13
9291346928	Chiasmus	In poetry, a type of rhetorical balance in which the second part is balanced against the first, but with the parts reversed (prose: antimetabole)	14
9291358705	Conceit	An elaborate metaphor that compares two things that are startlingly different (often an extended metaphor) EX: The Flea by John Donne	15
9291388600	Confessional poetry	A 20th century term used to describe poetry that uses intimate material from the poet's life	16
9291393405	Didactic	A form of fiction/nonfiction that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking EX: Animal Farm by George Orwell	17
9291434036	Epanalepsis	Device of repetition in which the same expression (single word of phrase) is repeated both at the beginning and at the end of the line, clause, or sentence EX: "Common sense is not so common." - Voltaire	18
9291444353	Epigraph	A quotation or aphorism at the beginning of a literary work suggestive of a theme EX: F. Scott Fitzgerald uses a quote at the beginning of The Great Gatsby "Lawyers, I suppose, were children once."	19
9291474335	Epistrophe	Device of repetition in which the same expression (single word or phrase) is repeated at the end of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences (opposite of anaphora)	20
9291485562	Epithet	An adjective or adjective phrase applied to a person or thing that is frequently used to emphasize a characteristic quality	21
9291491095	Homeric epithet	A compound adjective used with a person or thing EX: "swift-footed Achilles" "rosy-fingered dawn"	22
9291521002	Explication	Act of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text, usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language	23
9291554488	Farce	A type of comedy in which ridiculous and often stereotyped characters are involved in silly, far-fetched situations EX: Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett	24
9291595627	Foil	A character who acts as a contrast to another character; often a funny side kick to the dashing hero, or a villain contrasting the hero EX: Draco Malfoy	25
9291618806	Hypotactic	Sentence marked by the use of connecting words between clauses or sentences, explicitly showing the logical or other relationship between them EX: Everything will be alright because mother said so.	26
9291636776	Inversion	The reversal of the normal word order in a sentence or phrase	27
9291658298	Verbal irony	This occurs when someone says one thing but really means something else	28
9291904804	Situational irony	This takes place when there is a discrepancy between what is expected to happen, or what would be appropriate to happen, and what really does happen	29
9291914417	Dramatic irony	This is so called because it is often used on stage; a character in the play or story thinks one thing is true, but the audience or reader knows better	30
9291997065	Juxtaposition	Poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another, creating an effect of surprise and wit	31
9292179355	Litotes	A form of understatement in which the positive form is emphasized through the negation of a negative form	32
9292185741	Loose sentence	One in which the main clause comes first, followed by further dependent grammatical units	33
9292192713	Lyric poem	A poem that does not tell a story but expresses the personal feelings or thoughts of the speaker	34
9292196950	Implied metaphor	A type of metaphor that does not state explicitly the two terms of the comparison EX: Andy's wife asked him to fetch their dinner. (Compares Andy to a dog)	35
9292208829	Extended metaphor	A type of metaphor that is extended or developed as far as the writer wants to take it EX: The world is a stage, where everyone is a player, and then the curtain falls.	36
9292219460	Dead metaphor	A type of metaphor that has been used so often that the comparison is no longer vivid EX: Eye of the storm	37
9292225563	Mixed metaphor	A type of metaphor that has gotten out of control and mixes its terms so that they are visually or imaginatively incompatible EX: We have to get all our ducks on the same page.	38
9292255405	Metonymy	A figure of speech in which a person, place, or thing is referred to by something closely associated with it EX: The White House called for a press conference.	39
9292261160	Motif	A recurring image, word, phrase, action, idea, object, or situation used throughout a work, unifying the work by tying the current situation to previous ones, or new ideas to the theme	40
9292277929	Koan	A paradox used in Zen Buddhism to gain intuitive knowledge EX: When you can do nothing, what can you do?	41
9292300599	Paratactic sentence	A sentence that simply juxtaposes clauses or sentences (different from asyndeton because of use of conjunctions) EX: Maybe she's born with it. Maybe it's Maybelline.	42
9292329326	Periodic	A sentence that places the main idea or central complete thought at the end of the sentence, after all introductory elements EX: With low taxes, beautiful views and a mild climate, this city is a great place to live.	43
9292348448	Polysyndeton	A sentence which uses a conjunction with NO commas to separate the items in a series EX: X and Y and Z (instead of X, Y, and Z)	44
9292354013	Synecdoche	A figure of speech in which a part represents the whole EX: I'm paying with plastic (credit card).	45
9292425779	Syntactic fluency	Ability to create a variety of sentence structures, appropriately complex and/or simple and varied in length	46
9292433703	Syntactic permutation	Sentence structures that are extraordinarily complex and involved; often difficult for a reader to follow	47
9292451485	Telegraphic sentence	A sentence shorter than five words in length	48
9292453515	Tricolon	A sentence of three parts of equal importance and length, usually three independent clauses	49