AP Biology Organic Chemistry Flashcards

6288440811	monomer	a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form dimers or polymers	0
6288440812	polymer	large compound formed from combinations of many monomers	1
6288440813	carbohydrate	organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio; used for energy or structural support	2
6288440814	lipid	organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen & relatively few oxygen used for energy storage; include fats, oils, steroids, waxes and other nonpolar substances	3
6288440815	Protein	organic compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur; perform many functions including growth, repair and catalysis	4
6288440816	amino acid	monomer of a protein contains an amine group (NH2) and a carboxyl group (COOH)	5
6288440817	hydrolysis	process by which organic polymers break into monomers by the addition of a H+ and an OH- (a molecule of water)	6
6288440818	enzyme	protein that acts as a catalyst and speeds up chemical reactions in the cell	7
6288440819	Isomer	molecule with same chemical formula, but different structure and properties	8
6288440820	Hydrogen Bond	weak, noncovalent attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegetive atom (O, N, F)	9
6288440821	Covalent Bond	bonding pairs that shares electrons equally	10
6288440822	Polar Covalent Bond	Bonding pairs that share electrons unequally (as in water)	11
6288440823	Buffer	Solution that resist change in pH	12
6288440824	Glucose	Simple sugar that is component of carbohydrates and is also an energy source for living organisms; C6H12O6	13
6288440825	Ion	Atom or a molecule where total number of electrons is not equal to toal number of protons. It causes atom or molecule to have either positive or negative elctrical charge.	14
6288440826	Hydrocarbons	simplest organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen	15
6288440827	ATP	Adenosine Triphosphate; energy molecule used to power cellular processes	16
6288440828	polar molecule	A molecule that has an unevenly distributed charge.	17
6288440829	aqueous solution	A solution in which water acts as a solvent	18
6288440830	hydrophilic	substance that has an affinity for water	19
6288440831	hydrophobic	substances that do not have affinity for water; nonionic or nonpolar compounds	20
6288440832	Valence Shell	The outer most shell of an atom that allows the cells to bond with one another. The first shell has a maximum of 2 and the rest have a maximum of 8 electrons.	21
6288440833	Dehydration synthesis	occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule.	22
6288440834	Functional Group	A group of atoms in an organic compound that contribute to the personality of the compound	23
6288440835	Monosaccharides	carbohydrate monomer, usually a sugar such as glucose	24
6288440836	Disaccharides	carbohydrate dimer, such as sucrose	25
6288440837	Polysaccharides	carbohydrate polymer, such as starch, glycogen, cellulose or chitin	26
6288440838	Acid	solution which contains more H+ ions than OH-; has a pH < 7	27
6288440839	Basic	solution which contains more OH- ions than H+; has a pH > 7	28
6288440840	Catalyst	substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but is not changed during the reaction	29
6288440841	Glycogen	carbohydrate polymer found in animals composed of bonded glucose molecules	30
6288440842	organic compound	Compound that contains carbon and hydrogen	31
6288440843	macromolecules	organic polymer	32
6288440844	starch	carbohydrate polymer found in plants; composed of bonded glucose molecules	33
6288440845	Cellulose	Polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls	34
6288440846	Chitin	polysaccharide that makes up the shells and exoskeletons of some animals and the cell walls of fungi	35
6288440847	fatty acid	subunit of triglycerides composed of long chains of carbon atoms with attached hydrogens	36
6288440848	phospholipid	amphiphatic lipid that composes most of the cell membrane	37
6288440849	Steroid	lipid made up of a carbon skeleton consisting of 4 fused rings	38
6288440850	Cholesterol	important steroid found in animal cell membranes	39
6288440851	nucleic acid	organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus which store and transmit genetic information	40