Memory Gordon AP Flashcards

5822924584	flashbulb memory	unusually clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.....think 9/11 or Sandy Hook shooting. Amygdala is instrumental in formation of these memories (think fear, anger, etc.)	0
5822950600	rosy retrospection	the tendency to remember and recollect events more favorably than when they occurred. It is related to the popular idiom "to see through rose-colored glasses."	1
5822993839	Eidetic memory	an ability to vividly recall images from memory after only a few instances of exposure, with high precision for a brief time after exposure. Basically photographic memory	2
5823213548	levels of processing model of memory	we tend to remember things better when we process them more deeply and elaborately, rather than simply just hearing it and repeating it (shallow processing)	3
5823229757	Three box/information processing model of memory	proposes that our memory is like a computer. We form memories (encoding), hold them (storage), and bring them back up (retrieval).	4
5822924585	encoding	processing of getting information into the memory system..... writing code	5
5822924586	storage	retention of encoded information over time	6
5822924587	retrieval	process of getting information out of memory storage	7
5822924588	sensory memory	the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system (visual, auditory, olfactory, etc.)	8
5822924589	short-term memory	activated memory that holds items briefly (20-30 seconds). Average person can retain about 7 items	9
5822924590	long-term memory	relatively permanant and limitedless storehouse of the memory system	10
5822924591	working memory	newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information	11
5822924594	rehearsal	conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage	12
5822924595	spacing effect	tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice	13
5822924596	serial position effect	our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list and neglect some items in the middle	14
5823342861	self-reference effect	the tendency for people to remember things better when they feel the information relates to them.....for example if you have been to Japan, you are more likely to pay attention and remember the information about Japan in geography class or understand Japanese art better	15
5822924597	visual encoding	encoding of picture images	16
5822924598	acoustic encoding	encoding of sound, especially the sound of words	17
5822924599	semantic encoding	encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words	18
5822924601	mnemonics	memory aids; like vivid imagery or acronyms (ROYGBIV)	19
5822924602	chunking	organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically	20
5822924603	iconic memory	momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli	21
5822924604	echoic memory	momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; sounds can be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds	22
5822924605	long-term potentiation (LTP)	Technical name for how a memory is stored. The synaptic connections are strengthened with production of a chemical called CREB which strengthens neural connections. Process described by Erik Kandel as he studies sea slugs	23
5822924606	amnesia	loss of memory	24
5823532012	anterograde amnesia	loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused damage to the brain. Usually caused by damage to hippocampus.....think "ten second Tom character" and Clive Wearing.	25
5822924607	implicit memory	a memory that does not require conscious thought to carry out/perform. Usually a muscle memory....might see it as procedural memory	26
5824278739	cerebellum	part of the brain useful in processing and carrying out procedural, muscle type memories	27
5822924608	explicit memory	memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare". Episodic and semantic memories fall under this category	28
5822924609	hippocampus	neural center that is located in limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage	29
5822924610	recall	measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier with out any clues in front of them	30
5822924611	recognition	measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned.....think multiple choice test	31
5822924612	relearning	memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time. If you have learned a song years ago it's easier and quicker to learn again	32
5822924614	deja vu	that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before"	33
5822924615	mood-congruent memory	tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood. If you're in a sad mood, you tend to recall sad memories....tough part of depression.	34
5822924616	proactive interference	disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. Old info blocks new info	35
5822924617	retroactive interference	disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information. New information blocks old. Can remember new address but can't recall old address	36
5822924618	repression	in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories	37
5822924620	source amnesia	attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined	38
5822924622	Maintenance Rehearsal	The process of repeatedly verbalizing or thinking about a piece of information.	39
5822924624	Primacy Effect	This is the tendency for the first items presented in a series to be remembered better or more easily, or for them to be more influential than those presented later in the series.	40
5822924625	Declarative Memory	It refers to memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts and events.	41
5822924627	Episodic Memory	A category of long-term memory that involves the recollection of specific events, situations and experiences someone has gone through.	42
5822924628	State Dependent Memory	Learning that takes place in one situation or "state" is generally better remembered later in a similar situation or state. People that drink are more likely to remember something they did while drinking when they drink the next time	43
5822924629	Decay	forgetting something as the memory fades with time	44
5822924630	Richard Atkinson	Atkinson's most fundamental and far-reaching contribution to cognitive psychology is the Atkinson-Shiffrin model (with Richard M. Shiffrin), one of the most significant advances in the study of human memory. It put a theory of memory on a mathematical basis for the first time.	45
5822924631	Herman Ebbinghaus	He was a German psychologist who pioneered the experimental study of memory, and is known for his discovery of the forgetting curve and the spacing effect. He was also the first person to describe the learning curve.	46
5822924633	Elizabeth Loftus	She is an American psychologist and expert on human memory. She has conducted extensive research on the misinformation effect and the nature of false memories.	47
5824828907	Lost in the Mall study	conducted by Elizabeth Loftus.....she convinced 25 % of subjects that they had been Lost in a mall when they were younger when in fact they had not. Shows that false memories can be implanted.	48
5822924636	memory	the mental capacity or faculty of retaining and reviving facts, events, impressions, etc., or of recalling or recognizing previous experiences.	49
5846922381	TOT phenomenon	the feeling the the information is still stored, but can't quite be retrieved. "Tip of the tongue"	50