ap biology microevolution Flashcards
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| 6212211571 | evolution | a change in the genetic competition of a population from generation to generation | 0 | |
| 6212211572 | use and disuse | how body parts of organisms can develop with increased usage, while unused parts weaken. | 1 | |
| 6212211573 | homologous structures | body parts that resemble one another in different species because they are evolved from a common ancestor | 2 | |
| 6212211574 | analogous structures | body parts that resemble one another in different species due to similar adaptations in different environments | 3 | |
| 6212211575 | molecular biology | examines the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of DNA and proteins from different species | 4 | |
| 6212211576 | natural selection | individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits | 5 | |
| 6212211577 | adaptation | a trait/feature that becomes common in a population because it offers an advantage | 6 | |
| 6212211578 | fitness | an individual's relative ability to survive and leave offspring | 7 | |
| 6212211579 | stabilizing selection | eliminates individuals with extreme or unusual traits, and individuals with the most common trait are the best adapted |  | 8 |
| 6212211580 | directional selection | favors traits that are at one extreme or a range of traits, while traits at the opposite extreme are selected against |  | 9 |
| 6212211581 | disruptive selection | when the environment favors extreme or unusual traits, while selecting against common traits |  | 10 |
| 6212211582 | sexual selection | individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates | 11 | |
| 6212211583 | intrasexual selection | individuals of one sex competing directly for mates of the opposite sex |  | 12 |
| 6212211584 | intersexual selection | "mate choice" individuals of one sex (usually females) are choosy in selecting their mates from the other sex |  | 13 |
| 6212211585 | sexual dimorphism | differences in the appearances of males and females | 14 | |
| 6212211586 | artificial selection | when humans manipulate a gene pool for desirable traits | 15 | |
| 6212211587 | mutations | provide the raw material for new varitation | 16 | |
| 6212211588 | sexual reproduction | creates individuals with new combinations of alleles called genetic recombination | 17 | |
| 6212211589 | diploidy | the presence of two copies of each chromosome in a cell | 18 | |
| 6212211590 | balanced polymorphism | the maintenance of different phenotypes in a population | 19 | |
| 6212211591 | heterozygote advantage | when heterozygous individuals have a greater fitness than do both homozygotes | 20 | |
| 6212211592 | frequency-dependent selection | when the least common phenotypes have the selective advantage | 21 | |
| 6212211593 | neutral variation | differences in DNA sequence that do not offer a selective advantage (ex. human fingerprints) | 22 | |
| 6212211594 | natural selection | increase or decrease in allele frequencies due to the impact of the environment | 23 | |
| 6212211595 | mutations | introduce new alleles that may provide a selective advantage, though most are deleterious | 24 | |
| 6212211596 | gene flow | the introduction or removal of alleles from the population when individuals leave (emigration) or enter (immigration) the population | 25 | |
| 6212211597 | genetic drift | 26 |